I've got the POWER!
This term is used to describe religious officials such as bishops and priests
Clergy
This is the official practice of selling religious offices
Simony
This system allowed more food to be produced and led to an explosion of population growth
The three-field system
These two nations were the first to develop unified governments in Europe
England and France
This event devastated populations between 1315-1317 and was caused by severe winters and heavy rains that ruined crops
Great Famine
This is what happens when the tells you that you can't be a part of the Church anymore.
Excommunication
This is the area where Jesus lived and was fought over in the Crusades
The Holy Land
A horse (of course)
This group of invaders were the main source of strife for England throughout the 800s and ended up being one of the reasons England unified to fight back
Danish Vikings
This deadly disease, commonly believed to be the bubonic plague, struck Europe in the 1300s and killed roughly one-third of Europe's population
The Black Plague
When the king and his subjects are denied sacraments and services because of the king's disobedience to the pope.
Interdiction
During the Second Crusade this Muslim leader and Kurdish warrior retook Jerusalem from Christians
Saladin
These organizations that developed in the Middle Ages were made up of people in the same occupation and set standard for quality, princes, wages, and working conditions
Guilds
This King, known as "The Great" was the most successful in fighting against the invading Vikings and began the unification process of England
Alfred the Great
This was Philip the IV's reaction to Pope Boniface VIII attempting to assert authority over him
Imprisoned him
When the king meddles in the Church's affairs by appointing his own hand-picked church officials
Lay investiture
This Pope issued a call for a "holy war" known as a Crusade
Pope Urban II
This is the first type of guild to spring up in the middle ages and it sought to keep prices up and provide security
Merchant guilds
This document limited the king's power, guaranteed basic political rights for everyone, and is still an influence on many modern documents to this day
Magna Carta
When the Catholic Church chose two popes and each one declared the other to be false.
These Holy rites are needed to achieve salvation, according to the Catholic Church
Sacraments
This architectural style evolved around 1100 and was used in around 500 churches between the years of 1170 and 1270
Gothic
THis allowed merchants and others to withdraw money and eliminated the need to carry large amounts of cash around with them
Letter of credit
This Danish king was the final unifying factor of England
King Canute
This city in France is where the French Pope chose to move in 1305
Avignon
Law created by the church that governed marriage, inheritance, and other religious practices
Canon law
Travelling from place to place rather than living in a monastery
Uncomfortable, crowded, dirty, and full of fire hazards
Towns in the middle ages
This king raised taxes to fund his wars and was such a horrible ruler that nobles forced him to sign a document limiting his power
King John
This council officially ended the Great Schism by choosing Martin V as pope
Council of Constance
This king's nickname was "Barbarossa" because he had a red beard
Frederick I
This king became a hero of the Third Crusade after the other leaders dropped out for various reasons
Richard the Lion-Hearted
These people took over towns and fought for autonomy from feudal lords
Burghers
This meeting, consisting of lords, bishops, and commoners (including landholders and merchants) was held as a way to strengthen the central government and is seen as the beginning of democracy taking root in Western Europe
Estates-General
This man inspired the English translation of the New Testament
John Wycliffe
This compromise found a solution to the lay investiture problem and came to a head when Henry IV ordered the pope to resign
Concordat of Worms in 1122
This king died after he fell into a river and drowned on during the Third Crusade
Frederick I
This scholastic was well known to mix Greek philosophy and Christian theology during the Middle Ages
Thomas Aquinas
These are the two houses of Parliament
House of Lords and House of Commons
This Bohemian professor taught that the Bible is the final authority and was burned at the stake in 1415 after being excommunicated and tried as a heretic
Jan Hus