The Chemicals of Life
What are the four major elements in cells?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Identify the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell
What are the three major parts of a plant?
Leaves, roots, stems
What system in the human body includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels?
The Cardiovascular system
What are the four major compounds in cells?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What are ribosomes and what are their functions?
Ribosomes are non-membrane bound structures that make proteins
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
Solar energy + carbon dioxide + water ------- glucose sugar + oxygen
What system is responsible for bringing oxygen into our bodies?
The respiratory system
Give an example of a source of each of the three major compounds for HUMANS (i.e. how do we get these compounds from outside of our bodies)
carbohydrates- starches (bread, rice, fruit, pasta)
proteins- meat, fish, eggs, dairy, beans
lipids- fats, oils, waxes
What do mitochondria do for the cell?
They are the "powerhouse" of the cell. They provide energy for the cell to use.
What are the three primary functions of roots?
absorb water and nutrients as well as transport nutrients, anchor to the ground, food storage
This system contains the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, and tonsils.
Lymphatic system
Name the four major chemicals of life AND their "job"
Carbohydrates- main sources of food and energy
Lipids- store food and provide energy
Proteins- support life and made up of amino acids
Nucleic acids- involved in the creation, repair, and reproduction of proteins
What organelle stores lipids and proteins?
Golgi body
What is decomposition and what are decomposers? Give an example of a decomposer.
Decomposition is the process in which organic materials are broken down. Decomposers are organisms that help break down materials.
Fungi
What are the main functions of the nervous system?
What is the atomic makeup of protein and what does protein do in our bodies?
Possible answers: chains of amino acids, the four elements
Protein helps carry out chemical processes including growth, maintenance, and cell replacement
What are three differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall
Plant cells have chloroplasts
Plant cells have a large central vacuole
Animal cells have lysosomes
Describe the different between annual and perennial plants.
Perennial plants: plants with trunks or woody stems that grow every year
Annual plants: plants without woody parts (herbaceous) that only live about a year
What is the main function of the endocrine system?