Gas Laws 1
Pressure and volume are _________ related.
inversely
Volume and temperature are __________ related.
directly
What units do n, V, and T need to be in?
n: mol
V: L
T: K
____ H2O2 (g) -> ____ H2O (g) + ____ O2 (g)
What volume of oxygen gas is produced at constant pressure and temperature when 10.45 liters of hydrogen peroxide gas (H2O2) decomposes completely?
5.225 L
What does STP stand for? (words and numbers)
Standard Temperature and Pressure
0 degrees celsius (273 K) and 1 atm
Pressure and temperature are ___________ related.
directly
A bicycle pump initially contains 8.8 liters of air at a pressure of 1.5 atm. If the piston compresses the air to 2.2 liters, what is the new pressure inside the pump (assuming constant temperature)?
6.0 atm
A researcher is studying a new material by placing 0.050 moles of the gas in a small 10.0 mL container. The experiment needs a pressure of 5.4 x 10^3 mmHg inside the container. What temperature is required to achieve this pressure?
17 K
____ C4H10 (g) + ____ O2 (g) -> ____ CO2 (g) + ____ H2O (g)
What volume of oxygen gas is required to completely burn 4.21 L of butane gas (C4H10), assuming constant pressure and temperature?
27.4 L
Which unit determines which R value to use?
Pressure
A gas sample in a syringe occupies 52.9 mL at a pressure of 642.5 torr. If the pressure is adjusted to 587.0 torr (at constant temperature), what will be the new volume of the gas?
57.9 mL
A hot air balloon with a constant volume is filled with air at 27°C. The pressure inside the balloon is initially 1.07 atm. As the balloon ascends, the outside temperature drops significantly to -4°C. What is the pressure inside the balloon at the higher altitude?
0.960 atm
A large weather balloon is filled with 18.4 moles of helium gas. If the balloon inflates to a volume of 4.810 x 10^6 mL on a cool morning at 18 °C, what pressure does the helium gas exert on the balloon's inner walls (in kPa)?
9.26 kPa
____ CaCO3 (s) → ____ CaO (s) + ____ CO2 (g)
Calcium carbonate, commonly known as limestone, decomposes upon heating to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. If 6.31 L of carbon dioxide gas is produced at 118 kPa and 32°C during the decomposition of calcium carbonate in a closed container, what mass of calcium oxide is formed?
16.5 g
Avogadro's Principle states that if you have the same number of particles at the same pressure and temperature they will have the same ____________, no matter the size of the particles.
Volume
A can of soup is sealed shut and contains air inside with a pressure of 1.7 atm at 25°C. As you heat the can on the stove, the pressure inside the can increases to 2.5 atm. What is the final temperature of the air inside the can (assuming the volume remains constant due)?
440 K
A weather balloon with 45.0 L of helium gas is launched on a hot day when the temperature is 312 K. As the balloon rises, the volume decreases to 32.4 L. What is the new temperature of the helium gas in the balloon (assuming constant pressure)?
225 K
A car tire is inflated to a pressure of 3.1 atm at a gas station with a standard temperature of 298 K. If each tire holds 3515 mL of air, how many moles of gas are inside the tire (assuming ideal gas behavior)?
0.45 mol
____ Mg (s) + ____ O2 (g) → ____ MgO (s)
A closed container initially holds 18.0 L of oxygen gas at STP. What mass of magnesium oxide can be formed in this reaction?
64.8 g
What 4 things can cause real gases to deviate from the ideal gas law.
- high pressures
- low temperatures
- polar molecules
- large molecules
A 5.00 L container of gas is initially at a pressure of 831 mmHg and a temperature of 46 °C. The gas is compressed to a volume of 2.00 L while the pressure increases to 1073 mmHg. What is the final temperature of the gas?
165 K
A gas sample occupies 3.1 L at 481 mmHg and 28 °C. If the pressure is increased to 873 mmHg and the temperature is raised to 61 °C, what is the new volume of the gas?
1.9 L
A party favor noise maker contains 1.63 x 10^22 particles of carbon dioxide gas sealed inside a container with a volume of 18 mL. The CO2 gas is initially at 29°C but undergoes a rapid chemical reaction that releases heat, raising the temperature to 97 °C and increasing the volume to 24 mL. What is the final pressure of the CO2 gas inside the container (in atm)?
34 atm
____ C3H8 (g) + ____ O2 (g) → ____ CO2 (g) + ____ H2O (g)
A propane burner uses propane gas (C3H8) to generate heat during combustion. If the burner ignites 206.4 g of propane gas in a sealed container with a fixed pressure at 345 kPa and a constant temperature of 316 K, what volume of water vapor will be produced.
143 L
Describe an ideal gas.
-Take up no space
-Travel in straight lines
-Random motion
-No attraction or repulsion
-Perfectly elastic collisions