The Structure of an Atom
Atoms are made up of___________?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
In the Periodic Table of Elements, each box represents an __________?
Element
In 1935, a Japanese scientist proposed that protons and neutrons exchange tiny particles called _______________?
Pions
What is a radioactive isotope?
An atom with a nucleus that is not stable
How does radioactivity harm the human body?
The high-energy emissions caused by radioactive decay kill cells and sometimes mutate their DNA.
Atoms have an equal number of ____________ and ______________?
Protons and electrons
What is a model?
A model is a schematic description of a system that accounts for its known properties
What is the chemical symbol for Hydrogen, and how would we abbreviate its isotopes?
H, 1H, 2H, and 3H
Pions part of a class of particles that scientists call _____________ particles.
Short-lived
In the process of beta decay, a neutron changes itself into a proton by emitting an ____________?
electron
Are all levels of radioactivity life threatening to humans?
No
The atomic number represents the number of ___________ in an atom.
Protons
We use this type of model to depict atoms and it was proposed by a man named _________________?
Bohr Model from Niels Bohr
Indicate where an elements atomic number is located on the periodic table.
The number at the top of each box
What are pions made of?
Parts of protons and neutrons
What do scientists call the result of a radioactive isotope going through beta decay?
The daughter product
What does "Half-life" mean?
A Half-life is the time it takes for half of the original sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What do we call the center of an atom, and what parts of an atom does it contain?
The Nucleus and protons and neutrons
What is the number at the bottom of each box on the periodic table?
It is the mass measurement, and it is the average mass for that element
Why must the nuclear force exist?
It must exist because protons have like charges and repel each other. There must be a force that overcomes this.
Alpha decay occurs when a radioactive isotopes emits an alpha particle which is ____________?
Two protons and two neutrons
What is radioactive dating?
Radioactive dating occurs when scientists use the measurable rate of decaying radioactive isotopes as a means of dating objects
Isotopes are______________?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Atoms are made up of mostly ________________?
Empty space
Draw the Bohr model of a 12C atom.
6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons
What are quarks and gluons?
Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, which are held together by the exchange of gluons.
During gamma decay, radioactive isotopes emit a ____________?
Gamma ray
Can the assumptions used in radioactive dating be trusted? why or why not?
No. Do half-lives remain constant? Have 14C levels remained constant over time? etc.
What is an element?
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons