Systems
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution
American inventor whose cotton gin changed cotton harvesting procedures and enabled large increases in cotton production; he introduced the technology of mass production through the development of interchangeable parts in gun-making.
Eli Whitney
The refusal of workers to perform their jobs until employers meet their demands
strike
The rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation
Transportation Revolution
As faster locomotives were built, new power resources were used to fuel them. It replaced wood as the main source of power. A half ton of it produced as much energy as two tons of wood but at half the cost. It also became popular for heating homes.
coal
The first important breakthrough of the Industrial Revolution took place in how textiles were made. What are textiles?
cloth items
American millworker and labor leader who founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844.
Sarah G. Bagley
Workers’ organizations that try to improve working conditions
trade unions
A machine perfected by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1832 that uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances through wires
telegraph
American artist and inventor, he applied scientists’ discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph, which soon sent messages all across the country.
Samuel F. B. Morse
A process developed in the 1790s that called for making each part of a machine exactly the same
interchangeable efforts
English industrialist who brought a design for a textile mill to America, he is considered the founder of the American cotton industry.
Samuel Slater
The first full-sized U.S. commercial steamboat; developed by Robert Fulton and tested in 1807
Clermont
A system developed for the telegraph that used a certain combination of dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet
Morse code
American engineer and inventor, he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which led to the development of commercial steamboat ferry services for goods and people.
Robert Fulton
The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods
mass production
American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill.
Francis Cabot Lowell
American industrialist, he developed a steel plow to ease difficulty of turning thick soil on the Great Plains.
John Deere
American inventor, he patented an improved sewing machine, and by 1860 was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the country.
Isaac Singer
American ironworks manufacturer who designed and built Tom Thumb, the first American locomotive.
Peter Cooper
A system developed in the mid-1800s in which whole families were hired as textile workers and factory work was divided into simple tasks
Rhode Island system
English inventor, he patented the water-powered spinning frame, improving the production of cotton thread.
Richard Arkwright
American inventor and industrialist, he invented the mechanical reaper and harvesting machine that quickly cut down wheat.
Cyrus McCormick
dot dot dot, dash dash dash, dot dot dot is sent in times of trouble. What is it?
SOS
In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, which reached the Supreme Court in 1824, Chief Justice John Marshall reinforced the federal government’s authority to regulate trade between the states by ending monopolistic control over
waterways