Food From the Sea
What are small, plankton-eating fishes that travel in large schools called?
clupeoid
Which group of fishes is most often caught by purse seines?
large school of cupeoid fishes
What is the number of individuals in a population that can be caught without reducing the size of the population or letting it grow?
sustainable yield
What is the farming and harvesting of marine and brackish water organisms?
mariculture
What are 2 non-living resources in the ocean?
oil, energy (in the form of waves, currents, and tides), various minerals, and water
What are large bottom-dwelling fishes called?
gadoid
Which group of fishes is most often caught by trawls?
bottom dwelling gadoid fishes
What are resources that can naturally replace harvested numbers?
renewable
Which type of mariculture involves controlling all aspects of an organism's environment including the water quality?
closed
The process of taking seawater, removing its salts, and creating freshwater is called ____________.
desalinization
What are two examples of clupeoid fishes?
anchovies, sardines, herrings, menhaden, and shad
Besides purse seines and trawls, what are 2 other ways mentioned in the textbook that groups of fishes are caught?
longline fishing, gill nets
What are the resources that are NOT capable of replacing harvested numbers?
non-renewable
Why is it difficult to raise tunas in a maricultural facility?
they are open ocean fishes that require habitats that can't be reproduced
Dissolved substances can be removed from ocean water by __________, which is when water is boiled, trapped, and condensed into pure water vapor.
distillation
What are 2 examples of gadoid fishes?
cod, pollock, haddock, hakes, bass, salmon, halibut
Coastal upwelling brings up __________ deep water, which increases ____________and supports larger populations.
nutrient rich, primary production
In the 1950s, the Peruvian anchoveta, a clupeoid fish like the anchovy, was heavily fished for use as fish meal and oil. Anchovetas were heavily fished until the early 1970s when stocks were suddenly severely decreased, and the anchoveta fishing industry collapsed. What was the most likely cause of the decrease in anchoveta stocks?
overfishing
What is it called when maricultural companies only grow certain species through the juvenile stage and release them?
seeding
__________ is when water is being moved via excessive pressure from an area of high dissolved substance concertation to a low dissolved substance concentration.
Reverse osmosis
What is the fisheries' term used for fish that are harvested for food?
finfish
In experiment 15.1, what areas produce the largest catches?
Northwest Pacific and the northeast Atlantic
What are 2 examples of a renewable ocean resource?
seaweeds, shellfish (oysters), finfish (tuna)
Explain why the migratory habits of salmon are useful for maricultural facilities.
The salmon can be hatched and raised through juvenile stages in the facility. At that point they can then be released into the river so that they can migrate out to the ocean. They do not have to be fed or housed during their adult stages. When they return to their place of hatching, the mariculture facility can conveniently harvest them.
What are the 2 benefits that reverse osmosis has over distillation in desalinization?
doesn't produce a residue of salts, takes less energy