Research Methods
What is an experiment/study that involves studying one person in depth over a longer period of time?
Case study
What is a testable prediction of an experiment or research?
Hypothesis
What is the median, mean, and mode?
The median is the middle of a group of numbers when listed in chronological order
The mean is the average, all of the numbers added up and divided by the number of numbers
A mode is a number or variable that appears more than once
When participants must be informed in advance about: the general nature of the research, and potential risk, and that they can withdraw at any time.
Informed Consent
A type of distribution in which a list of scores/numbers is ordered from highest to lowest
Frequency Distribution
What is the tendency for a participant to act or respond in a certain way because they know they are being watched or want to produce a certain answer for what they think is the desired response?
Participant bias
1. What is the variable that we change in an experiment/study
2. What variable do we measure?
1. Independent variable
2. Dependent variable
What is the measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
Correlation coefficient
Studies involving harm or discomfort may be conducted only under certain circumstances, and only with the informed consent of the participants
Right to Be Protected From Harm or Discomfort
What is a large group being studied to draw a sample from called?
Survey
A type of research that relies on naturally occurring situations, but without manipulating or controlling the situation or environment
Naturalistic observation
What can produce an unexpected change in the experiment? (not the independent variable)
Confounding variable
What is a comparison of a score to other scores in an imaginary group of 100 people
Percentile Rank
Individual data about research participants should never be discussed or released
Right of Confidentiality
What is replication and why is it important?
Replication is when you repeat the given experiment to figure out if similar results are found. This is important because if an experiment cannot be replicated, then it is not valid or reliable
When a researcher does not blindly accept arguments of conclusions but is rather questioning and unbiased
Critical Thinking
What is it called when a subject anticipates a certain outcome of the experiment?
Expectation Effect
What is a comparison of a score to a perfect score of 100?
Percentage
Participants have a right to receive a complete explanation of the research at the end of the study
Right to Debriefing
Distorted; refers to a graph of data that is not equally distributed around the mean
Skewed
What is the difference between positive and negative correlation? Does correlation mean causation?
A positive correlation is when two variable are going in the same direction.
A negative correlation is when two variables are going in the opposite direction.
Correlation does not mean causation.
What does it mean for a study to be statistically significant?
The differences in results between the experimental and control groups could have occurred by chance is no more than 5 percent, so the date must be at least 95% certain the differences between the groups is due to the independent variable
What are statistics that allow decisions or conclusions to be made about data?
Inferential Statistics
In Animal Research, what must be provided for the animals being tested?
1. Clean housing with adequate ventilation
2. Appropriate/adequate food
3. Be well cared for
Explain the Blind, and Double-Blind, Procedure
(Single) Blind Procedure: An experimental procedure where the research participants are ignorant (blind) to the purpose or expected outcome of the experiment
Double-Blind Procedure: A research procedure in which both the data collectors and the research participants do not know the expected outcome of the experiment.