Vocabulary &
Sentence Types
Sentence Types
Fill in the blank and identify the POS. Identify the sentence type.
While it is good to offer constructive feedback, we should always try to avoid __________ others if they are trying their best.
a) critical
b) criticize
c) criticizing
criticizing (v - gerund form)
COMPLEX
What are FIVE strategies for paraphrasing quotes?
1.Rearrange the sentence structure/clause order
2. Find appropriate synonyms or synonymous phrases
3. Change from active to passive voice (or vice versa) *if applicable
4. Change word forms (ethics > ethical)
5. Change sentence types (if applicable)
Change the sentence from active to passive voice (present simple):
Many companies now treat their workers more fairly.
Answer:
Workers are now treated more fairly by many companies.
Identify the error and make the correction.
In modern society, ethics increasingly represents a major concern whose is very important to consumers.
Relative pronoun (relative clause)
whose --> which
Identify the conditional in the following sentence and explain why it is being used:
If businesses do not act ethically, they will risk losing customers.
First conditional (real) - Used to make a prediction about the future that will come true 50-90% of the time; a future result of a condition being met.
Fill in the blank, identify the POS AND identify the conditional:
If I witness someone doing something unethical, it is difficult to predict how I will _________.
a) reaction
b) react
c) reactive
react (v)
REAL conditional & zero
What information is needed in in-text citations when paraphrasing or quoting a source.
1. Author/s' last name (either in the signal phrase or, if not mentioned there, in citation at end)
2. DOP (date of publication) after the author/s' last name if mentioned in signal phrase; in citation at end if not.
3. The page (p. #) or paragraph (para. # - count down from the top of the page for online sources) number if the page number is not provided; always in citation at end of sentence; not required for paraphrases.
Change the sentence from active to passive voice (past simple):
We watched a series of videos about ethics in LSA.
Answer:
In LSA, a series of videos about ethics was watched.
Identify the error and make the correction.
As a result of recent protests, there may be a time in the future when taking on sustainable business practices consider necessary for all companies.
Voice (need passive form)
consider --> will be considered
Identify the conditional in the following sentence and explain why it is being used:
If I like someone, I run away.
Zero conditional (real) - Used to express ideas that are usually or always true; a usual result of a condition being met.
Fill in the blanks and identify the POS:
Often, it is not until after a process has already begun that we stop to __________ its effects on __________.
a) considerations/societal
b) consider/society
c) society/consider
b) consider (v) / society (n)
What are some more academic reporting verbs for says/said? And which are stronger register?
Answers will vary - be sure to review the register with them.
states, claims, emphasizes, notes, mentions, notes, observes, points out, suggests, explains, stresses
Change the sentence from active to passive voice (present perfect):
Many businesses have never considered using renewable energies.
Answer:
Using renewable energies has never been considered by many businesses.
Identify the error and make the correction.
Apple is an extremely successful company, we also need to explore the reasons why they are so profitable.
CS (comma splice)/sentence structure
Possible answer:
Apple is an extremely successful company;however, we also need to explore the reasons why they are so profitable.
Identify the conditional in the following sentence and explain why it is being used:
If we had approached the environment differently, more animals would have been saved.
Third conditional (unreal in the past) - Used to express regrets about the past (therefore true 0% of the time); an imaginary past result of an imaginary past condition being met
Fill in the blanks, identify the POS for both words AND identify the sentence type.
In life, difficult moments will ___________ ___________ ; however, it is how we respond to them that will define us.
a) inevitably/occur
b) considerably/emerge
c) inevitable/occurrence
inevitably (adv) / occur (v)
COMPOUND
Can you spot the error in the following signal phrase and quote?
Menchacha argues that "reaching a perfect standard is a daunting, if not impossible, task," but what he fails to recognize is that the safety of driverless cars cannot be left to chance (2017, p. 181).
Date needs to come after author's last name when name appears in the signal phrase:
Menchacha (2017) argues that "reaching a perfect standard is a daunting, if not impossible, task," but what he fails to recognize is that the safety of driverless cars cannot be left to chance (p. 181).
Change the sentence from active to passive voice (present continuous):
We are reviewing conditionals.
Answer:
Conditionals are being reviewed by us.
Identify the error and make the correction.
Canada Goose which had made winter jackets since 1957 claims that all of its products are ethically produced.
verb tense
had made --> have been making
Identify the conditional in the following sentence and explain why it is being used:
If I were rich, I would be the most ethical person on this planet.
Second conditional (unreal) - used to express imaginary situations in the present time, wishes, advice, and unlikely/impossible results that have a 0-10% chance of coming true; an imaginary result of an imaginary condition being met
Fill in the blanks, identify the POS for all words AND identify the sentence types:
Voters initially had a strong ___________ to the controversy which caused many people to question the ___________ of their current political leader. However, because no other candidate had ___________, the result still seemed ___________.
a) reaction/judgement/emerged/inevitable
b) reactive/judgemental/emergent/inevitability
a) reaction (n) / judgement (n) /
emerged (v) / inevitable (adj.)
Sentence 1 - COMPLEX
Sentence 2 - COMPLEX
What THREE steps are needed to integrate a paraphrase or quotation?
Introduce the quote/paraphrase using one of 3 techniques
Insert the quote (with quotation marks) or paraphrase
Explain how the quote/paraphrase helps to support your topic
Change from Active to Passive.
Governments can encourage unethical companies to use sustainable practices via incentivization programs.
Unethical companies can be encouraged to use sustainable practices by governments via incentivization programs.
Identify the error and make the correction.
It is difficult to understand celebrities which wear fur coats but then protest against animal cruelty.
Relative clause
Relative pronoun: who
Decide whether the following sentence is a conditional or not and explain why:
Companies will ultimately lose money unless they begin to integrate ethics into their business models.
Yes, it is!
Here we are starting with the result clause and substituting if for unless (if not) in order to begin the condition clause to form the first conditional (real).