Race and Racism
All human beings of every race share __________ percent of their DNA.
99.9
Every year, Americans gather on the fourth of July to celebrate Independence Day in honor of July 4, 1776, when the original American colonies declared independence from England. Which component of ethnicity is embodied in this celebration?
origin myth
Industrial agriculture requires __________ energy inputs and often uses __________ calories to produce the food than the food provides when consumed
high; more
What are the economic resources that are transferred from migrants to family members or institutions in their country of origin called?
Remittances
What is the set of strategies that uses the desert’s harsh conditions to discourage migration?
Prevention Through Deterrence
If you started at the equator and walked northward, you would notice a general trend of skin color getting lighter. This is an example of
cline.
How has the power of ethnicity been affected by the intense globalization in recent history?
the power of ethnicity has become even greater.
A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern is called
redistribution
Job, educational opportunities, and access to health care, as well as poverty, famine, war, disease, and religious oppression, are all forces that lead to a decision to migrate. What are the two terms used by anthropologists to describe these two sets of forces that lead to migration?
pull; push
What desert does De Leon focus on for his ethnographic research?
The Sonoran Desert
Because racial categorization in Brazil is not exclusively a function of skin color, Brazilians can change their racial identity through a change in
affluence.
The Tutsi and the Hutu originally considered themselves a single group of people differing primarily by occupation; however, the Belgium colonial administration began treating the pastoral Tutsi people as different from and superior to the Hutu farmers. Eventually, these two groups of people also began to see each other as different, which led to a terrible genocide. This was set in motion by the promotion of misinformation about the Tutsi, accomplished by those in a position of power, who are considered
identity entrepreneurs
this type of exchange is characterized by the influence of economic markets that facilitate buying and selling.
market exchange
The movement of people facilitated by the support of networks of family and friends who have already migrated is called __________ migration.
chain
What does De León call the symbolic and physical mistreatment of migrant bodies?
Necroviolence
The political argument over whether to build a wall between Mexico and the United States reflects, in part, which long-standing aspect of how race is constructed and managed in the United States?
nativism
What is the primary difference between assimilation and multiculturalism?
assimilation implies a loss of ethnic identity.
Where do the remaining food foragers often live today?
in marginal landscapes
What term describes people who have been forced to migrate because of violence, religious persecution, or disasters but stay within their own countries?
internally displaced persons
What did the pig experiment attempt to show?
The rate of decomposition in the desert
Despite the initial racist attitudes directed toward Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants, these groups eventually “became white” through
intermarriage and upward mobility
Despite their often obvious ethnic, socioeconomic, occupational, and religious differences and the fact that most will never meet each other, most people in the United States see themselves as members of a large community called “America.” What concept does this demonstrate?
imagined community
What is one of the changes that occurs with the transition to intensive agriculture?
Small-scale, self-sufficient farms are pushed into mechanizing their processes.
The fact that hospitals in African countries have trouble hiring enough qualified doctors because they have migrated to European countries is called _______
brain drain
To what country did De Leon and Mike Wells travel to see Maricela's family, and hear more about her life?
Ecuador