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at the branch tips
Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently?
bilateral
The symmetry found in animals that move swiftly is...
36
How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?
chloroplasts
Which of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis?
endotherm
Which type of animal maintains a constant internal body temperature?
bacteria and archaea
Which of the following consist of prokaryotic cells?
TATA box
Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen
What two main products result from photosynthesis?
Fungi kingdom
What kingdom are Fungi from?
ground tissue
Which of the following is the major site of photosynthesis?
DNA-based genome
Which characteristic is shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
nucleolus
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________.
Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA
Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology?
meristematic tissue
Plant regions of continuous growth are made up of...
degeneracy
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?
septum
The wall dividing individual cells in a fungal filament is called a
20
In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
pre-mRNAs
What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of α-amanitin?
Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.
How do enhancers and promoters differ?
they are similar in all bacterial species
The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because...
carbohydrates
What is the primary fuel for the body?
Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified.
A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation?
methylation
What processing step enhances the stability of pre-tRNAs and pre-rRNAs?
7-methylguanosine cap
Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for initiating translation?
σ
Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription?