Respiratory Structures and Muscles
This is the main muscle used during inhalation and moves downward when it contracts.
What is the diaphragm?
One complete inhalation and exhalation makes up this.
What is one respiratory cycle?
Everyday activity that uses the expiratory reserve volume and can cause large movements of the abdominal wall, even in someone who cannot voluntarily move it for speech
What is laughter?
This force affects the respiratory system differently depending on whether a speaker is upright or supine.
What is Gravity?
This term describes the sensation of shortness of breath, difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
What is Dyspnea?
These muscles help lift the ribs during inhalation, allowing the chest to expand.
What are the external intercostal muscles?
During this part of the respiratory cycle, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward to help bring air into the lungs.
What is inhalation?
A child with cerebral palsy struggles to take a deep breath when asked, but suddenly takes a larger breath when they do this involuntarily.
What is a yawn?
Changes in the respiratory structure and function across the lifespan make this a factor that can influence speech breathing.
What is age?
A high pitched, harsh breathing sound caused by narrowing or obstruction of the upper airway.
What is Stridor?
These tiny air sacs in the lungs are where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
What are the alveoli?
During this part of breathing, air moves out of the lungs as the respiratory muscles begin to relax.
What is exhalation?
After a TBI, this man could not form voluntary breathing action, sometimes even breathing in when told to breathe out.
What is apraxia?
Differences in this physical characteristic can influence how a person uses the rib cage and abdomen during speech breathing.
What is body type?
This test provides information on lung volumes and compacities by measuring the volume and flow of air inhaled and exhaled.
What is Spirometry?
These muscles help pull the ribs downward during forced exhalation.
What are the internal intercostal muscles?
During inhalation, this pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.
What is alveolar pressure?
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
Exercise and high elevation can increase this, forcing the respiratory needs to be prioritized over speech.
What is respiratory drive?
SLPs use elastic bands around the chest and abdomen to measure changes in cross-sectional breathing during this breathing assessment.
What is Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP)?
This nerve controls the diaphragm and allows it to contract during breathing.
What is the phrenic nerve?
This term describes the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs during one normal breath.
What is tidal volume?
When a sleeping infant enters REM sleep, the rib cage and abdominal wall may move in opposite direction since increased airway resistance causes the floppy rib cage to be pulled inwards during inhalation
What are out of phase movement?
Speech Breathing influence factors that may affect utterance length, loudness, and speaking rate.
What are cognitive-Linguistic and Social factors?
This assessment measures airflow at the mouth during speech tasks and can help examine how efficiently air is being used for speech.
What is a Pneumotachograph?