Definitions
One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What is an Isotope?
____________ and ______________ are found in the nucleus of the atom.
Protons and Neutrons
How many total atoms are in one molecule of H2CO3?
6 atoms
The 20 amino acids all have a central Carbon atom attached to 4 Groups - Hydrogen, Amino Group and Carboxyl Group and a side group. Which group is different for each amino acid?
A solution with a pH of 9 is considered ____________.
Basic
A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms
What is a Saturated Fat?
If an atom has 9 protons, how many electrons does it have?
9 electrons
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Both are chemical bonds, but an ionic bond is formed by transferring one or more electrons from one atom to another, and a covalent bond is formed by sharing electrons between one or more atoms
A Carbohydrate molecule is made up of atoms of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. What is always true about the number of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate molecule?
There are twice as many Hydrogen atoms than Oxygen atoms in the molecule (same ratio in water)
What is the difference between Saturated Fatty Acids and Unsaturated Fatty Acids?
Saturated Fatty Acids have NO double bonds between carbon atoms, while Unsaturated Fatty Acids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
The energy needed to get reactions started
What is Activation Energy?
Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. Carbon has 6 protons. Therefore, Carbon-14 has how many neutrons?
Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons
What kind of bond holds the bases in the two helixes in DNA together?
Hydrogen Bond
Properties of a protein are determined by the ________, __________, and _________ of amino acids linked together.
Type, Number and Order
How does an enzyme affect the activation energy of a reaction?
It LOWERS the activation energy of a reaction
An attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together
What is Cohesion?
On the periodic table, the atomic number tells us _________________.
Number of protons in an atom of that element.
Name at least 3 Life-Supporting Properties of Water
Universal Solvent, Adhesion, Cohesion, Surface Tension, High Heat Capacity, Density of Ice
Glucose and Fructose (2 monosaccharides) combine during dehydration, yielding Sucrose (a Disaccharide) and what?
Water
The nucleotides that make up the double helix DNA are made up of 3 basic parts. Which stores information?
Nitrogenous base - adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine.
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
What are Isomers?
How does an atom become a negatively charged ion?
It gains an electron from another atom.
Which life-supporting property explains why temperatures in the desert drop much more at night than towns near the ocean?
Water's High Heat Capacity.
Explain the reverse of the dehydration process that happens during the breakdown of sucrose (a disaccharide). What is this process called? What is required and what is produced?
The process of hydrolysis requires water to be added to break down sucrose into 2 monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)
A specific reactant acted on by an enzyme
What is a substrate?