Ethics
These are values like compassion, justice, and forgiveness that are good in themselves.
Moral Values
This psychologist developed the Stage Theory of Moral Development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
This theory argues that the most moral action produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
Utilitarianism?
A situation in which two moral values conflict and no perfect solution exists.
Moral Dilemma
These are premises in a moral argument that describe facts
Descriptive premises
This internal guide helps you make ethical decisions in everyday life.
Moral Compass
In this stage of moral development, behavior is guided by avoiding punishment.
Stage 1
This philosopher created the utilitarian calculus.
Jeremy Bentham
In utilitarianism, this factor considers how many people are affected by a decision
Extent
These premises state what ought to be done morally
Prescriptive premises
These goal-oriented values include wealth, fame, and prestige.
Nonmoral Values
At this stage, individuals follow laws to maintain social order.
Stage 4
This moral theory focuses on duty rather than consequences.
Deontology
According to Carol Gilligan, women tend to approach morality from this perspective focused on relationships.
Care Perspective
This moral theory says morality is determined by cultural customs and public opinion
Cultural Relativism
Greek word meaning “character” is the root of the word ethics.
Ethos
This stage is known as the “Good boy/Nice girl” stage.
Stage 3
Philosopher that created the categorical imperative.
Immanuel Kant
In moral reasoning, it is important to avoid this type of argument that seems right but is actually wrong
Fallacy
Under Kant’s theory, moral rules must be able to become this
A Universal Law
Aristotle stated that morality is the most fundamental expression of this human trait.
Rational Human Nature
Fewer than 10% of adults reach this level of moral reasoning.
Postconventional Morality
Scottish philosopher introduced the idea of prima facie duties
W. D. Ross
When resolving a moral dilemma, you should avoid starting with a preferred or biased solution and then doing this to support it.
Rationalizing - Selecting limited facts that support a solution
This prima facie duty requires that we cause no harm to others
Nonmaleficence