Geography
This region is often referred to as the "cradle of civilization."
Mesopotamia
This civilization developed the first system of writing known as cuneiform.
Sumerians
A small pierced object, like a long round bead, hung on strings of fiber or leather.
Cylinder seal
The Phoenicians are credited with developing one of the earliest known languages. What is it called?
The Phoenician alphabet
What Persian ruler is credited with establishing the Achaemenid Empire, one of the world's largest empires at the time?
Cyrus the Great
The two major rivers that define the Mesopotamian region are...
Tigris and Euphrates
Who is the famous Mesopotamian king often regarded as one of the first lawgivers in history?
Hammurabi
This Mesopotamian innovation, consisting of a rotating object with spokes, was a significant advancement in transportation.
Wheels
What color, extracted from a specific type of shellfish, was highly valued and associated with Phoenician trade?
Purple (Tyrian purple)
What was the system of communication used in the Persian Empire, allowing quick communication across vast distances?
The Royal Road
The meaning of "Mesopotamia".
What is the name of the ancient Mesopotamian city known for the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
Babylon
What are the temple towers in Mesopotamian cities believed to be the homes of the gods called?
Ziggurats
What important commodity did the Phoenicians trade, which was highly sought after in the ancient world?
Cedar wood
What were men who fought on horses called?
Cavalry
Silt
Which agricultural technique developed by Mesopotamians controlled water flow to fields?
Irrigation canals
Name two characteristics of Hammurabi's Code.
Very specific.
Social class and gender were considered.
Written to all could see.
Laws related to farming and irrigation.
Tried to bring order and fairness to all.
What did the Phoenicians build in the eastern Mediterranean region?
The Persians established a new administrative system to govern their empire. What were the rulers called?
Satraps
What were the major challenges of the Mesopotamian environment?
Flooding, unpredictable river behavior, and scarcity of natural resources like stone and wood.
Which five people groups invaded Mesopotamia?
Babylonians, Hittites, Kassites, Assyrians, and Chaldeans.
A great poem that is generally considered the earliest extant work of literature. Tells the story of a king who encounters and defeats a range of enemies before the death of his closest companion drives him to uncover the secrets of eternal life.
Epic of Gilgamesh
As expert traders, what new techniques did the Phoenecians develop?
Developed new navigation techniques
1. Who was the Persian Wars between?
2. What started the Persian Wars?
3. How many battles were fought?
4. Who won the Persian Wars?
5. Name two reasons why #4 won the war.
1. Greeks vs. Persians
2. Ionian Revolt
3. Four
4. Greeks
5. Military strategy + Knowledge of the geogprahy