Readings
A concept that was developed to identify and quantify the specific benefits of the environment for humans
What are Ecosystem Services?
FREE POINTS
GRATIS
According to political economy, this is a feature of capitalism, not a fluke in the system
What are crises?
Market solution where consumers "vote" with their money
What is Green Consumption?
Food is an example of this ecosystem service
What is Provisioning?
When an increase in production comes at the expense of resources and wellbeing, it is worth more than what is being made
What is uneconomic growth?
The idea in political economy that the environment is now a product of human industry or activity
What is the production of Nature?
the infrastructure, machinery, equipment, etc that is needed to make things, goods and commodities
What are the means of production?
exaggerating or falsely marketing a product, good, or service as environmentally friendly
What is Greenwashing?
The costs of making an exchange, including, for example, drafting a contract, traveling to market, or negotiating a price.
What are transaction costs?
The three sisters
What are corn, beans, and squash?
The transformation of an object or resource from something valued in and for itself to something valued generically for exchange.
What is commodification?
The material or environmental conditions necessary for a specific economy to function can include a variety of factors, from water used in an industrial process to workers' health.
What are the conditions of production?
Method of artificially altering the price of a good to influence the market
What are green taxes?
people’s ability within a society to have an equal voice in political decision-making and outcomes
What is democratic?
In this economy, rather than ownership, exchange implies responsibility
What is a gift economy?
The tendency of capitalism to temporarily solve its inevitable periodic crises through the establishment of new markets, resources, and sites of production
What is a spatial fix?
tendency for capitalism to eventually undermine the environmental conditions for its own survival through degrading natural resources or worker health.
What is the second contradiction of capitalism?
The entity or system that establishes who can pollute but does not set limits on pollution
What is the market?
externalities (such as pollution) can be most efficiently controlled through contracts and bargaining between parties, assuming the transaction costs of reaching a bargain are not excessive
What is the Coase Theorem?
Ayn Rand's preferred economic system
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
The environmental movement is classified as “bourgeois” because it won’t confront this system
What is the economy?
Laws through which the commons were passed to private owners, which forced workers to sell their labor
What is the enclosure act?
System in which regulations allow the market to extend to banking or withdrawing environmental services through third-party providers
What is Cap and Trade?
Predicts that the economic response to the scarcity of a resource will lead to an increase in price, which will result in either a decrease in demand for the resource, an increase in supply, or both
What is the Market Response Model?