Foundations
A written, oral, or visual reconstruction and interpretation of past human endeavors based on available sources
What is history?
Incorporating the scientific method into the process of writing history
What is the empirical approach?
These help to guide a historian’s method, approach, and sources
What is the theories of history?
Examples of this include diaries and e-mails
What are primary sources?
Examines new evidence to reframe/revise the past or add depth to previous accounts
What is the revisionist approach?
A higher power operates in the world and determines the course of history.
What is providential history?
Examples of this include oral or written narratives derived from primary sources
What are secondary sources?
Less accurate narratives of the past that have a greater capacity to influence public opinion.
What is popular history?
People can work to rid society of past wrongs.
What is progressive history?
In this situation, previous histories become primary sources
What is historiography?
Many studied political fortunes of powerful individuals, the study of power and power relationships
What is political history?
There are patterns in history that are likely to repeat, conflict is inevitable.
What is cyclical history?
Publishing records, reputable publishing houses, and peer-review are characteristics of this
What is trustworthy sources?
There are no objective histories because narratives are based off of the author's beliefs.
What is postmodernist history?
Histories that champion one nation over another and elicit demands for retribution to right past injustices.
What is nationalist history?