Module 4

PHARYNX

100

This muscle is the entry to the esophagus, and is part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Cricopharyngeus

200

The primary muscles of the pharynx?

Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

300

Action of pharyngeal muscles:

reduce the diameter of the pharynx and aid in swallowing

400

Effect of the pharyngeal muscles for speech

sounds can be made with the tongue dorsum or root retracted back towards the pharyngeal wall

 

500

This muscle lowers the velum and pulls it backwards, and narrows the pharynx

Palatopharyngeus

VELUM

100

What are three muscles that depress the velum?

-palatoglossus

-palatopharyngeal

-tensor veli palatini

200

The primary purpose of the velum is regulating _____________

regulating oral/nasal resonance thru the VP port

300

Name 3 velar phonemes

K, g, ŋ

400

When the velum is DOWN, sounds will be ____

Nasal

nasal cavity is coupled with the oral and pharyngeal cavity, VP port is open = sounds are nasal

500

This muscle elevates the tongue OR depresses the velum

palatoglossus

TONGUE

100

The _____ muscles of the tongue are responsible for finer adjustment of tongue positioning within oral cavity. 

intrinsic

200

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudindal, transverse and vertical

300

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

400

The effect of EXTRINSIC muscles of the tongue on speech sounds?

The shape of the oral cavity is governed largely by the position of the tongue in the oral cavity, extrinsic muscles play a large part in positioning the tongue

500

Function of styloglossus

Pulls tongue BACK and up

MANDIBLE

100

The masseter is a mandibular ______

elevator

200

Elevators of the mandible include the masseter, the _____, and the _______

medial pterygoid and temporalis

300

Depressors of the mandible include the mylohyoid, the ________, _______, and _________

geniohyoid, digastricus, and lateral pterygoid (and mylohyoid)

400

True or false: vowels are made with an elevated mandible

False, depressed mandible. Consonants are made with an elevated mandible

500

The effect of mandibular movements on speech sounds?

elevated manible -- closed mouth -- consonants

depressed mandible -- open mouth -- vowels

OTHER

100

Is the lingual frenulum a muscle?

No

200

Another word for velum is

soft palate

300

origin: greater cornu of hyoid bone

insertion: sides of tongue dorsum

action: pulls side of tongue down

Hyoglossus tongue muscle, extrinsic

400

These three parts make up the body of the tongue

Front, center and back of dorsum

500

What is the BIOlogical and NONbiological function of the tongue?

bio- taste, mastication, and deglutition

nonbio -- formulation of speech sounds