Healing Phases
This first phase of healing is when the body forms a clot and sends in white blood cells to protect the area.
What is the inflammatory phase?
These white blood cells perform this action to help clear debris at the injury site.
What is phagocytosis?
This type of injury happens after the original trauma and is caused by lack of oxygen or harmful chemicals killing nearby cells.
What is secondary injury?
This term means how far a joint can move, measured in degrees with a goniometer.
What is range of motion?
This is what the acronym SOAP stands for.
What is Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan?
This is the initial reaction of the blood vessels to an injury to minimize blood loss.
What is vasoconstriction?
This mediator is stored in mast cells, basophils, and platelets, and its primary actions are vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
What is histamine?
When swelling and bleeding squeeze vessels so less blood gets through, cells die because they can’t get this gas.
What is oxygen?
This type of motion is when the clinician or a machine moves the joint and the patient’s muscles stay relaxed.
What is passive ROM?
This is the most important part of the SINS acronym.
What is Severity?
This phase begins a few days after injury and is when fibroblasts lay down collagen and granulation tissue to rebuild the area.
What is the proliferation or fibroblastic repair phase?
The five classic signs of inflammation.
What are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function?
Compared to normal tissue, this kind of tissue is less elastic, never exactly the same as what it replaced, and can limit motion if too thick.
What is scar tissue?
This type of motion is when the patient moves the joint using their own muscles.
What is active ROM?
This is the most important part of the HOPS acronym.
What is History?
Lower speed of flow, increased viscosity, and increased permeability are all features of this blood vessel action.
What is vasodilation?
Granulation tissue consists of these 3 things.
What are capillaries, collagen, and fibroblasts?
This term describes when a wound is small and clean, the edges are close together, and it can close with just a little granulation tissue and scar.
What is healing by primary intention?
This is the normal range, in degrees, for knee flexion from full extension.
What is 0 to 140 degrees?
These are what the acronym HOPS stands for.
What is History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests?
This phase of healing can last for months and is when scar tissue becomes stronger and more organized.
What is the maturation or remodeling phase?
During inflammation, this protein‑rich fluid leaks out of the vessels into the tissues, carrying cells and chemicals that help fight injury and infection.
What is an exudate/Inflammatory exudate?
These are the 3 types of secondary injury.
What are Enzymatic, Ischemia-Hypoxia, and Metabolic?
This term describes when a muscle or soft tissue has shortened and now limits how far a joint can move.
What is a contracture?
These are what the acronym SINS stands for.
What is Severity, Irritability, Nature, and Stage?