Organelles 1
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoplasm
The largest and most important organelle, the "control center" that stores DNA
Nucleus
The three parts of the cell theory
1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit/structure of life
3) Cells must come from preexisting cells
The large yellow structures embedded in the plasma membrane
Proteins
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input
Passive transport
Double-membrane-bound organelles ("powerhouses") in which nutrients are converted to energy
Mitochondrion
The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell's surroundings
Plasma Membrane
The scientist who put forward the cell theory as we know it today
Virchow
What the plasma membrane is made of: a lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecules that contains a hydrophilic phosphate group
Phospholipids
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with a concentration gradient) until its concentration becomes equal throughout the area (reaches equilibrium)
Diffusion
Cell walls
A cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
The scientist who discovered all plants were made of cells
Schleiden
Strings of carbohydrates that are attached to the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids
Cytolysis
Double-membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protozoa, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food
Plastids
The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
Golgi apparatus
The scientist who discovered all animals were made of cells
Schwann
In the phospholipid structure, the "head" area is ____________ while the "tail" area is ___________.
The difference in the concentration of like molecules in two area, like on each side of a plasma membrane
Concentration gradient
Long strands or clusters of DNA and proteins (or RNA and proteins) in the nucleus of a cell
Chromatin
Centrosome
The twelve characteristics of the cell
ingestion (absorption), digestion, respiration, transport, homeostasis, synthesis, secretion, excretion, egestion, irritability, movement (locomotion), reproduction
The name for the model of the plasma membrane
Fluid mosaic model
A solution that has a high solute concentration (and so a low water concentration) relative to another solution
Hypertonic solution