Pancreatitis
define it
inflammation of the pancreas d/t sudden onset of inflammation
How do diverticula form?
Diverticuli are weak areas that form pouches off the wall of the large intestine. These pouches become filled with stagnant intestinal contents, leading to obstruction and
inflammation of the bowel wall.
What is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver, commonly caused by a viral infection
Define it
-a bacterium that can
infect the lining of the stomach.
-acquired through
ingestion of contaminated food,
water, or from person to person
transmission (through saliva,
vomit or fecal matter).
This is the initial stage where the infection begins, with swelling, and increased pressure within the bone.
inflammation
What is the common cause?
gallstones (cholelithiasis) and chronic alcohol abuse
Divericuli pouches are found where?
sigmoid colon
-fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water.
- It's not commonly spread through blood or sexual contact.
- Vaccines are available
HAV
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) survives in the stomach's acid by producing __________, which neutralizes the acid. The bacteria burrow into the _______ ________, causing inflammation and potentially leading to ________ ______ and an increased risk of gastric __________.
1. urease
2. stomach lining
3. gastric ulcers
4. cancer
Pus forms as the body tries to fight the infection. The infectious material entering the Haversian system and forming an abscess are key indicators of this stage.
Suppuration
classic presentation
Severe epigastric pain that radiates to the back
Often called the stomach flu
gastroenteritis
-Transmitted through blood, body fluids, and sexual contact.
- Specific antibody tests can detect the presence the virus
HBV
Risk factors?
-living in crowded conditions
-living without clean water
- living in a developing country.
This stage involves bone necrosis (dead bone tissue) as a result of the infection.
sequestrum
Appears as bluish or purplish discoloration around the umbilicus.
Cullen sign
Gastroenteritis:
Involves inflammation of these two parts
stomach and intestine
-Primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, as with sharing needles; less commonly through sexual contact.
- Antibody tests are available to detect it.
- Until recently, there was no vaccine; there is no widely accepted
HCV
What does the diagnosis involve?
a urea breath test, stool antigen test, or
antibody blood test.
This is the final stage where new bone forms around the dead bone (sequestrum)
involucrum
TRUE or FALSE: NVF & hypotension occurs d/t inflammatory response
TRUE
What causes gastroenteritis?
viruses, bacteria, or parasites and their toxins
-Symptoms range from mild to
severe, and can include jaundice,
fever, fatigue, loss of appetite,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
and dark urine.
-Some people may
not show symptoms but can still
spread the virus.
HBV
treatment?
Combination of antibiotics and medications to reduce stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers).
Random: Treatment focuses on relaxing or
widening the lower esophageal
sphincter (LES), botox
Achalasia