Ch 14: Intermittent Compression
This type of compression increases in pressure in each chamber, with distal being the highest pressure and proximal being the lowest pressure. This type is the most effective for activating the lymphatic return mechanism
Sequential Compression
This type of traction is administered by the clinician
Manual Traction
Cuff width or size of limb
What are two indications of friction massage?
• Musculotendinous adhesions
• Realignment of scar tissue
• Trigger point therapy
• Chronic tendinopathy
What is one name of a myofascial release stroke technique?
J Stroke
Focused Stretching
Skin Rolling
Arm Pull/Leg Pull
Diagonal Pull
Give one example of how a pressure gradient is created when using intermittent compression.
1. gradient from sequential compression forces edema from distal to proximal -> spreads edema over larger surface area
2. external pressure reduces pressure gradient between tissue hydrostatic pressure and capillary filtration pressure
What are two indications for cervical spine traction?
• Degenerative disk diseases
• Herniated or protruding intervertebral disk
• Nerve root compression/radicular pain and associated muscle spasm
• Osteoarthritis or facet joint inflammation
• Facet joint pathology limiting ROM including hypomobile facet joints
• Capsulitis of the vertebral joints
• Pathology of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments
• Cervical muscle spasm
How is the pressure requirement affected with larger circumference limbs when utilizing BFR?
Require higher pressures to reach the same level of occlusion
What are 3 contraindications of using massage techniques?
• Deep or moderate pressure massage contraindicated in acute injury or inflammation
• Fractures or dislocations
• Open wounds
• Skin conditions
• Vascular conditions such as varicose veins or hematoma
• DVT
• Thrombophlebitis
• Acute edema
• Swelling caused by cardiovascular insufficiency
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Kidney or liver disease
• Pleural effusion
What are 2 contraindications for lumbar traction?
• Acute injury
• Unstable spinal segments
• Cancer, meningitis, or other diseases affecting the spinal cord or vertebrae
• Extruded disk fragmentation
• Advanced disk degeneration or advanced herniation
• Spinal cord compression
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Conditions that worsen after treatment
Which type of compression is best used immediately after injury to prevent edema from forming?
Continuous Compression
If applying traction to the cervical spine, which position do you want to place the patient to have the most effective treatment?
Cervical Flexion
What is the most popular BFR multi-set training protocol? (Give sets and reps)
30/15/15/15
This type of massage is described as the lifting and kneading of the tissue.
Petrissage
What percentage of traction force is required to perform traction of the lumbar spine?
50% of patient body weight
Low Pressure (35-55 mm Hg) intermittent compression increases venous flow by what percentage?
175%
To treat a disk protrusion, what type of traction would you want to use?
Intermittent
To achieve 60% occlusion of the lower extremity, what pressure should be utilized for a limb circumference of 56-59 cm?
180 mm Hg
What is the purpose of the skin rolling myofascial release technique?
Release of superficial fascial adhesions
What percentage of occlusion does the UNL protocol use for Lower Extremity BFR?
80%
Why do traditional compression techniques not always work when reducing foot edema?
The foot relies on the venous pump that is activated when the bottom of the foot is stretched out
In order to target the L3-L4 vertebral junction in the lumbar spine, what angle of hip flexion must the patient be in?
75-90*
What is the 2nd phase of the early BFR implementation model?
BFR combined with low load walking exercise
What is the purpose of utilizing Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization techniques?
Instruments cause local inflammatory
response that reactivates the healing process
This is a type of massage technique that utilizes compression strokes and stretches based on physiology and traditional Chinese medicine
Shiatsu