Vocab 1
What is geology?
This is the topmost layer of the Earth.
What is the crust?
This is made up of humus, gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
What is soil?
This type of weathering is when large rocks are broken into smaller rocks and does not change the composition of the rock.
What is physical weathering?
This is the preserved remains of a once-living organism.
What is a fossil?
The decayed remains of once-living creatures
What is humus?
This is the innermost layer of the Earth, separated into two sublayers.
What are the outer core and the inner core?
This type of rock is made from sand, minerals, and other materials that are piled on top of each other, creating layers that are cemented together.
What is sedimentary rock?
This type of weather is when a reaction with a substance changed its composition, such as rust.
Most fossils are found in this type of rock.
What is sedimentary rock?
Inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the Earth
What are minerals?
This is the middle layer just under the crust and has the largest mass.
What is the mantle?
This type of rock is made from melted or molten rock, or magma.
What is igneous rock?
This is what the sedimentary layers of the Grand Canyon are called.
What are strata?
The vast majority of all fossils on this planet are of hard-shelled organisms, such as these.
What are clams?
The process of wearing or grinding something down by wind, water, or other natural agents.
What is erosion?
This is the separating layer at the bottom of the crust just before the mantle.
What is the Moho?
This type of rock is transformed into a new kind of rock due to extreme heat or pressure.
What is metamorphic rock?
This is the most noticeable unconformity in the Grand Canyon because the layers are angular. Directly above it, the layers are horizontal.
What is the Great Unconformity?
Many catastrophists believe that this major world event mentioned in the Bible and in other cultures' writings caused many geological formations.
What is Noah's flood?
A surface of erosion that separates one layer of rock from another
What is unconformity?
These are the two layers that include part of the Earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle, plus a sub-layer of the mantle. Both include "sphere"
What are the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
Rocks are made up of at least 2 of these crystalline substances.
What are minerals?
This is the scientific view that major geological formations are best explained by catastrophes in Earth's history.
What is catastrophism?
This theoretical "column" assumes that each layer of rock represents a period in Earth's past, and index fossils within that layer are indicators of which time period the rock was formed.
What is the geological column?