Brain Structures
This brain lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing.
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
This part of the neuron integrates excitatory and inhibitory inputs to determine whether an action potential is generated.
What is the axon hillock?
The brain and spinal cord.
What are the two major divisions of the central nervous system?
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
The regulation of voluntary motor control and movement initiation.
The basal ganglia are primarily involved in which neurological function?
This structure regulates various bodily functions, including temperature regulation, satiation, water balance, emotional behavior, and sexual response.
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
A small, unmyelinated gap between adjacent segments of myelinated axons where the axonal membrane is exposed to the extracellular space.
What is the Node of Ranvier?
The cerebellum.
What is the part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and fine motor control?
Vagus Nerve (X)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the majority of parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal organs?
To support and nourish neurons, provide blood-brain barrier, create long-term memory, and perform myelin production.
What is the function of Glial Cells?
This system regulates motor movements and muscle tone.
What is the limbic system?
The tiny extracellular space between two communicating neurons (or between a neuron and a target cell, like a muscle) at a chemical synapse.
What is a synaptic cleft?
The corpus callosum
What is the structure that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Arcuate: Individual speech sounds and word assembly. Inferior Longitudinal: Word meaning
What are the two cerebral white matter tracts and their function?
The cerebral aqueduct, brainstem, cerebellum, and fourth ventricle.
What structures are considered to be the brainstem and below?
A neuromuscular junction is a neuron-to-muscle connection, and a synapse is a neuron-to-neuron connection.
What is the difference between a neuromuscular junction and a synapse?
The meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
What are the three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?
Afferent Neurons
What type of neurons carry sensory information from the periphery to the CNS?
Projection Fibers: Run to and from the cortex. Association Fibers: Communicate within the same hemisphere. Commissural Fibers: Connects corresponding locations between hemispheres.
What are the three types of fiber and their functions?
The boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes is defined anatomically by this sulcus.
What is the central sulcus?
The soma, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminals, synapse.
What are the structures in a neuron?
The cerebral cortex, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem, and spinal cord.
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system and their general functions?
Midbrain(highest), 2. Pons(middle), Medulla Oblongata(lowest). The key functions include: pathways for cerebral communication, contains autonomic regulatory nuclei, and houses the cranial nerve nuclei.
What are the levels of the brainstem and the key functions of the brainstem?