Neurons
What cells provides support and structure to neurons?
Glial cells
What regions are found beneath the cortex?
Basal ganglia, diencephalon, cerebellum, other related structures
These arteries connect to create the Circle of Willis.
What is PCA, MCA, AND ACA?
Posterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal Lobes
What are the lobes of the brain?
Trigeminal CN V
Which is one of the cranial nerves which allows for control of jaw movements and sensation of the tongue?
What are the parts of a neuron
dendrites, axon, soma, nucleus, axon hillock, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, schwann cell, axon terminal, axon
This includes the caudate and putamen nuclei.
What is basal ganglia?
This is primarily generated by the choroid plexus cells in the lateral ventricles.
What is CSF?
Contains the Broca’s area
The frontal lobe contains what area (related to production of speech)?
CNVIII Vestibulocochlear (vestibular branch)
Which crainial nerve allows for balance and is related to the function of the cerebellum?
What are motor neurons?
Neurons that activate muscular or glandular responses, usually long myelinated axons
It is the main sensory relay of the brain; all sensory roads connecting the outside world to the cortex go through this.
What is thalamus?
State in which the membrane potential is more negative than the resting potential.
What is hyperpolarized?
Damage to this lobe causes vision problems.
What happens if there is an impairment in the occipital lobe?
CNVII is important for speech since it controls many of the muscles involve for facials and (lips, cheeks and forehead expressions which are important for communication)
Why is the CN VII important for speech?
What are astrocytes?
Supply nutrients, ion, and neurotransmitter regulation at the synapse
the cerebellar lobes have this outer cortex.
What is white matter?
This supplies blood to the lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres. and the source of blood for the perisylvian speech, language, and hearing areas of the dominant hemisphere.
What is MCA?
Middle cerebral artery
Temporal lobe
Which lobe is primarily responsible for undestanding and processing speech?
Where are cranial and sympathetic nerve nuclei located?
Brainstem
What are interneurons?
Communicate between neurons
This structure is posterior to the pons and medulla and beneath the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres
what is the cerebellum?
a structure that forms a protective barrier against chemicals or toxins that have the potential to destabilize the neurochemistry of the brain.
What is Brain blood vessels?
Frontal lobe and specific Broca’s aphasia
If a patient comes in with problems with problem solving, planning and short term memory plus omitting certain words when speaking what lobe is affected?
What cranial nerves are found in the medulla and what are they responsible for?
IX glossopharyngeal nerve: swallowing
X vagus: larynx
XI accessory: sternocleidomastoid
XII hypoglossal: tongue