Nervous system
These two main divisions make up the nervous system.
What is the central and peripheral nervous systems?
The cranial nerve (X) controls the vocal cords and helps with swallowing.
What is the vagus nerve?
"Messengers" of the nervous system. Sends signals to the body and brain.
What are neurons?
Part of the brain that is like the “CEO,” helping you with decision-making, planning, maintain focus, and speaking.
What is the Frontal Lobe?
This structure filters harmful substances from the blood entering the brain.
What is the blood brain barrier?
This part of the CNS processes thinking, emotion, reasoning
What is the brain or cerebral hemispheres?
This cranial nerve allows you to detect smells and is the only one that bypasses the thalamus.
What is the olfactory nerve?
Name three main types of neurons.
What are sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons?
Part of your brain that processes sounds and helps you understand language.
What is the Temporal Lobe?
This structure coordinates movement and balance, helping with smooth speech?
What is the cerebellum?
This part of the PNS controls voluntary muscle movements.
What is the somatic nervous system?
Damage to this cranial nerve (CN VIII) can cause hearing loss and balance issues.
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Neural pathway involving in a reflex action, sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron.
What is a reflex arc?
Found in the frontal lobe. Brain's speech production center. When damaged, it is difficult to get the words out.
What is the Broca's area?
These brain structures lie below the cortex and help control movement.
What are sub cortical structures?
This division is known as the “rest and digest” response.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
This cranial nerve is essential for tongue movement during speech and swallowing.
What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
The doctor taps below your knee and your leg kicks—Name the reflex.
What is the patellar reflex?
Found in the temporal lobe. Understanding language. When damaged, words do not make sense (word salad).
What is Wernicke's Area?
Tough, hard, and protective structure that surrounds the spinal cord which helps keep it safe from possible injuries.
What are the vertebrae?
Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) pathways belong to this part of the nervous system.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
These three branches - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular - make up this cranial nerve involved in facial sensation.
What is the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Explain the difference between monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes.
What are Monosynaptic reflexes? What is one synapse between a sensory and motor neuron (patellar reflex)? What are polysynaptic reflexes? What is one or more interneurons (withdrawal reflex)?
If any of these four parts of the brain is damaged, it can affect speech, comprehension, reading, and processing.
What are the four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) involved in language and communication?
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?