Industrial Revolution
The world’s first industrial nation, _________________, was also the richest nation by the mid-nineteenth century. It produced one-half of the world’s coal and manufactured goods.
Great Britain
The _______________________________ was the result of a long-term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
Crimean War
Between 1815 and 1830, conservative governments throughout Europe worked to maintain the old order. However, powerful forces for change—known as ______________ and _________________—were also at work.
Liberalism and Nationalism
Most important in the development of an American transportation system was the _____________.
Railroad
In the Middle Ages, the _____________________, or middle-class, had a wide variety of jobs
Bourgeioise
The ___________________________ was crucial to Britain’s Industrial Revolution. For fuel, they depended on coal, a substance that seemed then to be unlimited in quantity.
Steam Engine
After the Frankfurt Assembly failed to achieve German unification in 1848 and 1849, Germans looked to ____________ for leadership in the cause of German unification. They were also known for their militarism, or reliance on military strength.
Prussia
___________________ arose when people began to identify themselves as part of a community defined by a distinctive language, common institution, and customs
Nationalism
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina voted to secede, or withdraw, from the United States. In February 1861, six more Southern states did the same. A rival nation—the ___________________________ States of America—was formed.
Confederate
The new French constitution, ratified on November 4, 1848, set up a republic called the ________________________ that had a single legislature elected by universal male suffrage.
Second Republic
High-quality iron was used to build new machines, especially __________.
Trains
The revolutions of 1848 had failed. By 1871, however, both ___________ and ________ would be unified. The changes that made this possible began with the Crimean War.
Italy and Germany
____________________ is a political philosophy that grew out of the Enlightenment that stated people should be as free as possible from government restraint
Liberalism
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the succession of many southern states. The fight for national unity that would follow shortly after is known as the ...
American Civil War
Eventually, the great powers adopted a _________________________________. According to this principle, the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.
Principle of Intervention
What process was created during the industrial revolution and used to make stronger and purer iron?
Puddling
In the 1860s, King William I tried to enlarge the Prussian army. When the Prussian legislature refused to levy new taxes for the proposed military changes, William I appointed a new prime minister, Count __________________________.
Otto Von Bismarck
Which of the following European powers was plagued by the forces of nationalism due to its large multi-national and multi-ethnic population?
The Austrian Empire
The United States Constitution committed the nation to liberalism and nationalism. Yet national unity did not come easily. Which two factions fought bitterly about the division of power in the new government?
The Federalists and the Republicans
Explain how the Congress of Vienna achieved and maintained a balance of power.
By balancing political and military forces that guaranteed the independence of the great powers, as well as balancing territorial gains
Describe in detail four factors that contributed to making Great Britain the starting place for the Industrial Revolution.
Better agriculture
Increased food supply
A ready supply of money
Plentiful natural resources
A large supply of markets
European population stood at an estimated 140 million in 1750. By 1850, the population had almost doubled to 266 million. The key to this growth was….
a decline in death rates, wars, and diseases.
************* Daily Double *****************
In May 1848, an all-German parliament, called the ______________ _____________, was held to fulfill a liberal and nationalist dream—the preparation of a constitution for a new united Germany.
Frankfurt Assembly
Contrast the views of the Federalists and Republicans in the United States.
The Federalist want a strong central government while the Republicans want a central government that is subordinate to state governments.
How did the social and economic changes from the Industrial Revolution contribute to the spread of liberalism? Explain.
Answers will vary