Definitions
Genetics
Name ONE of the scientists who built the double helix model of DNA.
James Waston/Francis Crick
Name the four nitrogenous bases in RNA (you can name them by letter).
A, U, G, C
Interphase
Which process resembles mitosis most: meiosis I or meiosis II (1pt)?
Meiosis II
The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two.
Cytokinesis
Name the four nitrogenous bases in DNA (you can name them by letter).
A, T, C, G
The organelle of the cell where protein synthesis takes place.
Ribosome
The phase of mitosis when the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane is called…
Metaphase
A single diploid cell goes through meiosis. Only one useful gamete is produced. Did this meiosis take place in a male or female?
Female
One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere.
Chromatid
Name the three parts of the nucleotide.
Phosphate group, sugar (ribose), and nitrogenous base
Name the complementary mRNA sequence be for the base sequence on the following DNA template: C–C–T–A–G–T–A–T–G
G–G–A–U–C–A–U–A–C
Name the four stages of mitosis in their proper order:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (+cytokinesis)
An organism has 42 total chromosomes. What are its diploid and haploid numbers?
Diploid: 42; haploid: 21
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes.
Haploid cell
The protein that unzips DNA to form two separate phosphate/sugar backbone strands.
What molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
mRNA
If you look under a microscope and see distinct chromosomes in a cell, is the cell in interphase? Why or why not?
The cell must be in mitosis. If the cell were in interphase, the chromosomes would not have condensed and so would not be visible under the microscope.
2 cells with 7 chromosomes each
Two homologous chromosomes consisting of four chromatids, two sister chromatids in each chromosome, coming together during prophase I of meiosis.
Tetrad
DNA strands that are wrapped around histones (like beads on a string)
Nucleosomes
Using the chart, give the sequence of amino acids indicated by the mRNA strand. How many amino acids does the strand code for?
G–G–A–U–C–A–U–A–C
Three acids: Gly, Ser, Tyr
Identify the stage of mitosis for the cell indicated in the picture.
Anaphase
At the end of meiosis I there are four cells. Before entering meiosis, each parent cell had seven pairs of homologous chromosomes. The four cells now enter meiosis II. How many cells result? How many total chromosomes exist in each cell?
8 cells with 7 chromosomes each