Glycolysis
This 6-carbon molecule is the starting substrate of glycolysis.
Glucose
What is the primary function of gluconeogenesis?
Make glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors
This hormone is released when blood glucose is low
Glucagon
These steps of glycolysis are irreversible
1,3,10
This enzyme catalyzes the committed and rate-limiting step of glycolysis
PFK-1
Pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate by which enzyme?
Pyruvate carboxylase
Glucagon promotes this pathway in the liver
Gluconeogensis
In glycolysis steps where ΔG°' is positive, the reaction still occurs how?
Even if ΔG°' is positive, the reaction will still occur if the actual ΔG is negative.
During glycolysis, NADH is produced during this reaction or step
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
This molecule provides the energy for the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
GTP
This pathway is stimulated when PFK-1 is active
Glycolysis
A cell has very high ATP levels. What happens to glycolysis?
It slows down
During glycolysis, this coenzyme accepts electrons when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized.
NAD⁺
This organ is the major site of gluconeogenesis
Liver
This molecule signals that the cell is low on energy and activates PFK-1.
AMP
Role of insulin in reciprocal regulation
Stimulates PFK2, activates glycolysis, inhibits, gluconeogenisis
Net output of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
This enzyme bypasses the PFK-1 step of glycolysis
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
This hormone is released after a meal and helps cells take up and use glucose.
Insulin