MODULE 7- NEURONAL ANATOMY

7A- NEURONAL ANATOMY

100

 AXON

FIBER THAT EMERGES FROM CELL BODY AND PROJECTS TO TARGET CELLS

200

PRESYNAPTIC CELL

AXON TERMINAL 'BEFORE' SYNAPSE

300

POSTSYNAPTIC CELL

'DOWNSTREAM' MEMBRANE 

400

NISSL BODIES

WHERE PROTEINS ARE MODIFIED AND SENT TO OTHER ORGANELLES AT THE END OF MEMBRANE SYSTEM

500

NUEROFIBRILS 

REINFORCEMENT OF NEURON REGIONS AND MAINTAIN SPECIALIZED ANATOMY 

PLAYS A ROLE IN AXON DIAMETER REGULATION

7B-NEURONAL PHYSIOLOGY

100

CHANNELS

TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS THAT MAKE TRANSPORTATION POSSIBLE 

200

ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT

POTENTIAL STORED ENERGY THAT CAN BE PUT TO WORK TO MAKE GREAT THINGS HAPPEN

300

LIGAND-GATED CHANNELS

OPENS BECAUSE SIGNALING MOLECULE LIGAND BINDS TO EXTRACELLULAR REGION OF THE CHANNEL

400

VOLTAGE GATED CHANNEL

RESPONDS TO CHANGES IN ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANE (EMBEDDED)

500

NON-GATED CHANNEL

RANDOMLY GATED (OPEN/CLOSES RANDOMLY)

7C- RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

100

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

ELECTRIAL STATE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT CAN HAVE SEVERAL VARIATIONS 

200

IF THE CELL IS AT REST, IS THE MEMBRANE OPEN?

NO, THE MEMBRANE IS CLOSED

300

CYTOSOL

HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ANIONS, FORM OF PHOSPHATE IONS AND NEGATIVE CHARGED PROTEINS

400

WHAT IS THE CHARGE OF RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

-70mV

500

POTASSIUM'S HAPPY NUMBER

-90mV

7D- ACTION POTENTIAL

100

DEPOLARIZATION

MEMBRANE MOVE TOWARDS ZERO

200

INACTIVATION GATE

COLLECTION OF AMINO ACIDS THAT PREVENT DEPOLARIZATION 

300

REPOLARIZATION

MEMBRANE VOLTAGE MOVES BACK TOWARDS -70mV, VALUE OF RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

400

WHAT HAPPENS TO SODIUM WHEN CHANNELS INACTIVATE?

SODIUM INFLUX STOPS

500

T OR F: ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERPOLARIZATION PHASE?

F: ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPOLARIZATION AND REPOLARIZATION

7E-SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION

100

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

CHEMICAL MESSENGER THAT CONVEYS UPSTREAM INFORMATION TO DOWNSTREAM TARGET CELLS 

200

ACETYLCHOLINE

MAIN NEUROTRANSMITTER AT NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND FRONTAL LOBE

300

IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS

'BUILT IN' ION CHANEL THAT WILL OPEN/CLOSE WHEN NEUROTRANSMITTER BINDS

400

METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS

ACT ON ION CHANNELS THAT AREN'T BUILT IN 

500

WHAT ARE THE TWO NEURONAL SYNAPSES

EXCITATORY POST-SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

INHIBITORY POST-SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL