Communicable vs. Non-Communicable Diseases
This type of disease is typically chronic, not spread person-to-person, and includes conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
What is non-communicable disease?
This part of the epidemiological triangle includes bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
What is the agent?
HIV can be passed from mother to child during childbirth. This is called:
What is vertical transmission?
This level of prevention includes childhood vaccinations.
What is primary prevention?
Certain diseases must be reported to health authorities (e.g., measles), this is called...
What is a notifiable disease?
This organization in Canada leads national surveillance and control of communicable diseases.
What is the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
The term for immunity acquired through vaccination or previous infection.
What is acquired immunity?
This route of horizontal transmission includes droplets, like with influenza.
What is airborne transmission?
This level of prevention focuses on early detection and stopping the spread.
What is secondary prevention?
CHNs can help implement protocols for outbreak containment, this is called...
What is infection control?
An example of a communicable disease that was eradicated worldwide in 1980.
What is smallpox?
These environmental changes can reduce disease transmission (e.g., sanitation, clean water).
What are environmental interventions?
This disease can be spread by contaminated food or water, making it a common vehicle transmission example.
What is hepatitis A?
This level includes DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) for TB patients.
What is tertiary prevention?
This CHN activity involves identifying and informing people who have been in contact with an infected person.
What is contact tracing?
What term is used to describe a disease that is now absent worldwide?
What is eradication?
What is pathogenicity?
This kind of organism spreads diseases like Lyme disease or West Nile virus.
What is a vector?
Screening and contact tracing are examples of this level of prevention.
What is secondary prevention?
CHNs use this care framework to reduce stigma and re-traumatization in clients with STBBIs.
What is trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC)?
This term refers to a disease that was once widespread, then reduced to zero in a defined area but still exists elsewhere.
What is elimination?
The three host factors are...
What is the immunity, resistance, and susceptibility?
This type of transmission occurs through shared needles or blood transfusion.
What is common vehicle transmission?
This level of prevention aims to prevent recurrence or further complications from a disease.
What is tertiary prevention?
CHNs promote this form of community immunity by increasing vaccine uptake.
What is herd immunity?