Atelectasis
This type of atelectasis is caused by mucus plugging or decreased ventilation.
This type of atelectasis is caused by mucus plugging or decreased ventilation.
The primary goal of IS therapy
What is to prevent or reverse atelectasis
This therapy provides pressure throughout exhalation
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
This should be assessed before and after therapy
BS and vital signs
The most common hazard associated with all positive-pressure therapies
Barotrauma
This type occurs when forces compress the lung, such as from pleural effusion
compression atelectasis
IS increases this lung pressure gradient to expand the lungs
transpulmonary pressure (P_tp)
This therapy delivers positive pressure only during inhalation
IPPB (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing)
This value helps determine initial IS volume goal
patient’s inspiratory capacity (IC)
A contraindication for IS
unconscious or uncooperative patient
Two major risk factors for developing atelectasis
recent surgery and shallow breathing
Proper technique includes this minimum breath hold after inhalation
5-10 secs
This is the most physiologically normal method of lung expansion
IS
This patient factor must be considered before selecting lung expansion therapy
level of consciousness or ability to follow commands
Complication that can occur during IPPB if the patient swallows air
gastric distension
This breath sound is often heard in areas of atelectasis
late inspiratory crackles
The IS is most effective in these types of patients
cooperative and motivated patients post-op
This therapy is similar to CPAP but done during expiration
EPAP
One objective sign that therapy was effective
increased inspiratory volume or improved chest X-ray
One way to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection during therapy
proper cleaning and use of single-patient equipment
The best imaging method for identifying atelectasis
CXR
A common sign that IS may be ineffective or contraindicated
inability to follow instructions or deep breathe effectively
Indications for using positive-pressure therapy instead of IS
atelectasis in non-cooperative or sedated patients
Proper documentation should include these four items
time, technique, response, and tolerance
CPAP can decrease this cardiovascular measurement
venous return or cardiac output