Heat & Specific Heat
This is the natural direction heat flows in calorimetry experiments.
From hot to cold
This phase change occurs when a solid turns directly into a gas.
Sublimation
This process occurs when compressed air cools a spray can as it expands.
Adiabatic process
This is the equation used to calculate mechanical work done by a gas.
W = PΔV
This part of a bathtub experiences the greatest pressure.
The bottom
This property allows scientists to distinguish substances based on how much heat energy is required to raise their temperature.
Specific heat capacity
This phase change occurs when gas turns directly into a solid.
Deposition
This thermodynamic process occurs when temperature remains constant.
Isothermal process
An engine that is 72% efficient using 1000 J of energy produces this amount of useful work.
720 J
This principle explains why objects float when buoyant force equals the weight of the object.
Archimedes’ Principle
If water has 10× the specific heat capacity of iron, this amount of water would absorb the same heat as a given mass of iron.
1/10 the mass of iron
This type of heat energy is required to change a substance from solid to liquid without changing temperature.
Latent heat of fusion
This type of process occurs when volume remains constant.
Isochoric process
An engine with 100 J of heat input and 50 J of work results in this change in internal energy.
50 J
If oil, water, and mercury are poured together, this substance settles at the bottom.
Mercury
This formula is commonly used to calculate heat absorbed or released during a temperature change.
Q = mcΔT
If you melt ice, heat the water, and then vaporize it, this many separate energy calculations are required
Three
This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
According to thermodynamics, creating an engine that is 100% efficient is this.
Impossible
This formula is used to calculate pressure in a fluid due to depth.
P = ρgh
This experimental method measures the heat exchanged between substances to determine specific heat capacity.
Calorimetry
This type of energy is absorbed when a liquid changes into a gas without a change in temperature.
latent heat of vaporization
This device transfers heat from a cold area to a warmer area using work.
Refrigerator
A combustion engine that releases 700 J as waste heat and is 50% efficient produces this much work.
700 J
When a sponge absorbs liquid and sinks, this property of the sponge increases above the liquid’s density.
Density