The Cell
Electrolytes
ABGs
Musculoskeletal
Immune system
Misc
100
These two organelles work together for protein synthesis
What are ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
100
Value of K+
3.5-5
100
A patient is admitted with a pH of 7.33, PaCo2 of 60, HCO3 of 25 and a PAO2 of 90%. What is the correct interpretation>
Respiratory acidosis
100
The nurse notices redness and warmth in an area of inflammation. What causes that?
Increased blood flow
100
Name the three types of passive immunity
Via placenta
Via breast mile
Via injection or infusion of IgG
100
What is produced by the anterior pituitary/adrenal glands in the alarm phase of the GAS syndrome
Epinephrine (Cortisol is produced by adrenal medulla)
200
Mitochondria produce a substance that the cell uses for energy. What is it?
ATP or adenotriphosphate
200
What are two clinical signs of hypocalcemia
Chvostek and Trousseaus. Other possible answers would be tetany, paresthesias, muscle spasms and seisures.
200
An ICU patient has abgs as follows: pH of 7.50, PaCo2 of 36, HCO3 31, and a PaO2 of 78%
Metabolic alkalosis
200
What are the five signs of inflammation
Redness, swelling, pain, heat, loss of function
200
What type of immune cell is the first to arrive at an area of injury?
Neutrophils
200
What causes gout
A malfunction of uric acid production, can be worsened by high intake of purine rich foods such as red meat, honey, fish, cauliflower
300
This is made of a double layer lipophosphate
What is the cell membrance?
300
What is the major electrolyte that can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias?
Potassium
300
What acid-base imbalance is caused by prolonged hypoventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
300
Type of fracture?
Spinal fracture or spinal compression fracture
300
What is the difference between artificial and adaptive immunity
Artificial means vaccination, adaptive is having the disease and making your own antibodies
300
What happens in muscular dystrophy
A progressive loss of muscle tissue
400
What term describes the movement of water in and out of a cell?
Osmosis
400
What gland(s) control the calcium levels in the body?
Parathyroid glands
400
What acid-base imbalance would result from prolonged hyperventilation
Respiratory alkalosis
400
What is the name of the tissue that connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
400
What type of cell produces antibodies
B cells
400
A lateral deviation of the spine is known as
Scoliosis
500
What is true about hyponatremia?
It can cause confusion, brain swelling and death.
500
The main electrolytes in extracellular fluid
What are sodium and chloride
500
The patient abgs are as follows: pH 7.23, PaCO2 of 44, HCO3 of 17. How would the nurse interpret these findings?
Metabolic acidosis
500
Name at least three possible complications of a bone fracture
Fat emboli, compartment syndrome, osteomyelitis
500
What substance is in virally infected cells that help to prevent viral spread?
Interferons or cytokines
500
What causes gas gangrene, characterized by discolored tissue and large blisters
Anaerobic bacterium such as clostridium