Multiple Choice
Which of these is not is not an area of evidence that supports the theory of evolution:
a) Biochemistry
b) Psychology
c) Comparative embryology
d) Biogeography
b) psychology
the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
evolution
The theory of evolution was developed by ___________ ___________ and Alfred Wallace
Charles Darwin
Outline the difference between abiotic and biotic selection pressures in an ecosytem.
Abiotic selection pressures are those that come from non-living factors light availability, amount of oxygen or other gases, soil nutrient quality, water availability, temperature, acidity etc.
Biotic selection pressures come from living factors of the ecosystem e.g. prey, diseases, predators, amount of food, competitors etc
how many dots appear on a pair of dice?
42
The fossil record shows a pattern, from ancient times to recent times, of:
A. more complexity to less complexity.
B. greater diversity to less diversity.
C. increasing complexity and diversity.
D. no distinct pattern of change.
c)
any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment.
adaptation
The three types of adaptations are ____________,
_______________ and _________________.
behavioural, physiologial and structural
outline the difference between relative dating and absolute dating of fossils.
Relative dating places fossils in time order (but cannot suggest time in years) using:
• the idea that lower sedimentary layers must be
older, and
• correlations from one place to another of identical fossil layers.
Absolute dating can place a numerical value on the
age of a fossil (or rather the rocks adjacent) by
measurement of residual radioactivity.
What is the fourth letter of the greek alphabet?
delta
Which sampling technique is best to use when trying to determine population size of rainbow trout in a river?
a) Capture tag recapture
b) Random quadrat sampling
c) Line transect
d) Pitfall traps
a)
Type of evolution that creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups
convergent evolution
All the megafauna became extinct between 50,000-10,000 years ago. It may be their extinction was caused by ______________ or simply that they could not cope with ____________________.
hunting by humans,
climate change
Outline an example of comparative anatomy that can be used as evidence for evolution.
The pentadactyl limb of the vertebrate animals. Whether lizard leg, whale flipper of bat’s wing, they all have the same basic bone arrangement, even when used for totally different purposes.
Who was the world’s highest-paid athlete in 2023?
Cristiano Ronaldo
A species has a better chance of long-term survival during changes to the environment if:
A. it reproduces asexually.
B. most individuals are similarly adapted.
C. the species has a lot of genetic variation.
D. there are many large, strong individuals.
c)
The method of calculating an age in years for geologic materials by measuring the presence of a short-life radioactive element, e.g., carbon-14 or potassium-14/argon-40
Radiometric dating
____________ is an association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits.
mutualism
Outline Darwin’s observations of the Galapagos finches.
He noted 13 species (across 8 different islands) which were all very similar & apparently related. However, they each had different beak sizes, and some had different body sizes & colourations.
Kopi luwak coffee is made from coffee beans that've been digested and excreted by....
a civet
An example of “microevolution” that has actually been observed to happen, is:
A. the extinction of the dodo.
B. divergence of “Darwin’s finches” on the Galapagos Islands.
C. convergence of the shark and dolphin.
D. development of antibiotic resistance.
d)
The theory that predicts that a lot of evolutionary change takes place in short periods of time tied to speciation events (possibly after mass extinctions), will long periods of little change.
Punctuated equilibrium
The evolutionary changes of the horse are believed to be adaptations to a ______________ which caused a shift from _________ to _______ ________.
changing climate, forests, open plains
Outline a hypothetical situation where the abundance of a species might be affected by a change in an abiotic and biotic factor in the environment.
a new predator has migrated into an ecosystem. Rather than chasing herds of prey like other predators, it carries out sneak attacks at night, taking sleeping animals unawares. Being very successful, the predator’s number grow (lots of food = lots of surviving offspring) while the prey species numbers decline.
When a severe El Nino drought affects Australia, the population of Red Kangaroos declines dramatically. Without rain for several years, there may be no water available in some areas and the amount of plant food is inadequate. Many ‘roos starve to death.
How many time zones are there in Russia?
11