Hydrologic Metanoia
This substance naturally exists in all three phases on Earth
Water
Amount of water vapor in the air
Humidity
Temperature change due to pressure change with no heat exchange
Adiabatic temperature change
Process where mountains force air upward
Orographic lifting
Cool, dense air that resists vertical motion
Stable air
Phase change from gas to liquid
Condensation
Ratio of actual water vapor to saturation amount at current temperature
Relative humidity
Rising air does this adiabatically
Cools
When warm air rises over colder air at a front
Frontal lifting
Warm, less dense air that continues to rise if displaced
Unstable air
Heat absorbed or released during a phase change without temperature change
Latent Heat
Temperature where air becomes saturated and condensation begins
Dew-point temperature
Altitude where rising air reaches dew point and clouds form
Lifting condensation level
Air masses coming together and forcing upward motion
Convergence
Condition where environmental lapse rate is less than wet adiabatic rate
Absolute stability
Phase change from gas directly to solid
Deposition
Mixing ratio uses these units so it doesn't change with temperature or pressure
Mass
Slower cooling rate after the condensation level due to latent heat release
Wet adiabatic rate
Uneven surface heating creating rising thermals
Localized convective lifting
Temperature increases with height; very stable
Temperature inversion
Phase change from solid directly to gas
Sublimation
Decreasing temperature while keeping water vapor constant does this to relative humidity
Increases
Rate of cooling for unsaturated air parcels
Dry adiabatic rate
Precipitation on one side of a mountain forms this on the other
Rain shadow desert
A parcel of air is stable when unsaturated and unstable when saturated
Conditional Instability