Maintenance of DNA Sequences
Cells in which hereditary mutations occur
Gametic cells (Gametes)
Strand in which Okazaki fragments form
Lagging strand
Mobile genetic units
Transposon
Responsible for the prevention of bond formation between ssDNA
SSB - Single stranded binding proteins
Direction that DNA Polymerase synthesizes DNA
5' to 3' direction
Laboratory experiment that tests whether certain substances are mutagenic utilizing Salmonella typhimurium
AMES Test
Protein responsible for synthesizing short RNA Primers
Primase
Small circular DNA often incorporated into other genomes via transposable elements
Plasmid
Responsible for breaking apart hydrogen bonds in double stranded DNA
Helicase enzyme
The area in which DNA Replication begins
Origin of replication
There is approximately 1 mutation for every __ nucleotides copied during DNA replication
10^10 (Ten billion)
At the ORI, fork movement goes in this direction
Both directions
Three major classes of transposons
1. DNA only transposons
2. Retroviral like retrotransposons
3. Nonretroviral retrotransposons
Responsible for DNA Polymerase processivity and preventing disassociation from DNA strands
Specific enzyme responsible for relieving winding of single stranded DNA
Topoisomerase I
Besides 3' to 5' exonucleolytic proofreading, this process contributes to the fidelity of DNA replication
Strand-directed mismatch repair
Why does DNA polymerase only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction?
DNA Polymerase can only add a nucleotide to the OH- group on the 3' of the existing strand
Transposon driven by a promoter in the long terminal repeats (LTR)
Retroviral-like retrotransposons
Enzyme with 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' exonuclease activities
DNA Polymerase I
Most common DNA lesion in the cell AND its repair mechanism
Depurination and base excision repair
Explain what would happen if suddenly all living organisms no longer gained any genetic mutations.
There would no longer be any evolution
Genetic variability would decrease
Extinction is likely
The reason RNA primers are used during DNA replication in vivo
Identification and reliability. It is easier to identify RNA primers that DNA Polymerase I can remove. DNA polymerase can't initiate DNA synthesis "from scratch"
Mechanism in which recombination results in deletion, inversion, or insertion
Conservative site-specific recombination
A component in DNA replication containing an RNA sequence that helps maintain DNA ends
Telomerase
Repair mechanism for pyrimidine dimers
Nucleotide Excision Repair