enzymes
Globular proteins that work as catalysts
What is an enzyme?
Type of yeast that grows naturally in milk
What is lactase?
A sugar, a phosphate and a base
What parts do nucleotides consist of?
The synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase
What is transcription?
Substance that enzymes convert into products in biochemical reactions
What is a substrate?
The site (on the surface of an enzyme) to which substrate(s) bind / the site (on the enzyme) where it catalyzes a chemical reaction
What is an active site?
adenine with thymine (DNA)
cytosine with guanine
uracil with adenine (RNA)
What are the complementary bases?
Synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes
What is translation?
Temperature, PH level and substrate concentration
What are the factors that affect enzyme activity?
"Fermentation of sugars to alcohol could only occur if living cells were present"
What did Louis Pasteur claim?
Sugar is ribose or deoxyribose. Adenine and thymine or adenine and uracil. Double stranded or single stranded
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
An enzyme which seperates the 2 strands of DNA using ATP to break hydrogen bonds between bases
What is a helicase?
Random movements between substartes and enzymes
Why do collisions between substrate molecules and active sites occur?
Enzyme activity increases, eventually reaching maximum activity until active sites saturated
What effect of increased substrate concentration on enzyme activity?
The bond formed between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide
What is a covalent bond?
Strand that acts as the template and has complementary base sequence to both RNA and the sense strand
What is the antisense strand?
Active site is altered so substrate can no longer bind
What is denaturation?
Medical, agriculture, biosensor, biotechnology, energy, environment, food and nutrition
What is the strand orientation of DNA?
codon Phe
What does UUU code for?