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Epigenetics
DNA Repair
Chromosome Structure
Replication
Miscellaneous
200

In many cancers, this epigenetic process occurs adjacent to a p53 or similar gene. 

What is methylation?

200

Caused by water, deamination and depurination are examples of this type of DNA damage. 

What is hydrolytic damage?

200

This broader classification of species tends to be haploid; they also lack membrane-bound organelles.

What are prokaryotes?

200
DNA replication involves the synthesis of a daughter strand from a template strand; in other words, it follows this mechanism, by which one parent strand is conserved in each daughter molecule. 

What is semiconservative replication?

200

Deamination converts this nitrogenous base into uracil. 

What is cytosine?

400

This enzyme is in charge of removing acetyl groups from histones, thereby limiting gene expression. 

What is histone deacetylase (HDAC)?
400

The mechanism by which thymine dimers are repaired; maybe don't forget your sunscreen next time.

What is photoreactivation?

400
The protein complexes on each chromosome to which microtubules attach during mitosis. 

What are kinetochores?

400

DNA polymerase facilitates the attachment of a new nucleotide — specifically at a phosphate group — to this chemical group on the 3' carbon of the existing strand. 

What is a hydroxyl group?

400

The set of species in which rolling circle replication happens.  

What are bacteriophages?

600

Examples of this process include transduction and conjugation. 

What is horizontal gene transfer?

600

DNA polymerase also proofreads newly synthesized DNA strands; this component of the enzyme is involved in cutting out incorrect bases. 

What is exonuclease?

600

Methylation tends to happen at these two amino acid residues on the histone structure.

What are lysine and arginine? 

600
As DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand, this molecule is cleaved off what was the nucleoside triphosphate.

What is pyrophosphate?

600

Damage from 8-oxoguanine primarily leads to this type of DNA repair. 

What is base-excision repair?

800

When a nucleosome is removed from chromatin to enhance transcription at a certain promoter site, the chromatin remodeling complex binds to this protein bound to the DNA. 

What is the activator?

800
Experiencing a double-stranded DNA break? Do not fear, as this process will allow you to fix that up while preserving the original sequence!

What is homologous end-joining?

800

The transcript from this gene surrounds inactivated X chromosomes, as seen under FISH. 

What is the Xist gene?

800
This enzyme adds the RNA primer to the parent DNA strand during replication. 

What is DNA primase?

800

The viral structure in which viral DNA or RNA is delivered to the host cell. 

What is a nucleocaspid?

1000

In mice, methylation of this gene leads to yellow fur and obesity. 

What is the Augouti gene?

1000

These structures provided templates for new DNA synthesis before primers were used; they are now found in the telomere region. 

What are t-loops?

1000

The centromeric region of the chromosome is home to this satellite region. 

What is alpha satellite?

1000

This enzyme controls the methylation the GATC sequences at the origin of replication in E. coli, allowing replication to initiate after a short break.

What is dam methylase?

1000
Regions of strong gene expression that occur in polytene chromosomes; they can be seen with the right staining and equipment. 

What are Balbiani rings (or puffs)?