Transcriptional Regulation
Operon
This is the prime orientation of the DNA that is used as a template for transcription.
3' to 5'
Subunit of the prokaryotic RNA polymerase that dictates promoter specificity.
Sigma
The cis-acting sequence elements in pre-mRNA that are directly recognized by SNURPs.
5' SS, 3'SS and branch A
This pre-mRNA signal sequence terminates transcription in eukaryotes and is bound by CPSF.
AAUAAA
True or False: All eukaryotic promoters contain a TATA box.
False
The general term for the cis-acting signal sequence that dictates the start of transcription (unstream or flanking the +1 site).
Promoter
Highly-conserved protein complexes that determine DNA accessiblity; can be chemically modified in their N-termini.
Histones
In general, these are regions of pre-mRNA that are removed via the splicing process.
Introns
What are 2 reasons that eukaryotes cap their mRNAs?
Any 2 are correct: Nuclear export, stability, translation, gene expression regulation
A type transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes that regulates large shifts in gene expression.
Alternative sigma factors
The site of DNA that can be bound by a repressor protein in prokaryotes.
Operator
Once thought to function more as a gene-specific transcription factor, this heterogeneous multi-subunit protein complex is now an important part of the basal eukaryotic RNA polymerase II machinery.
Mediator
The names of the 5 different SNURPs.
U1, U2, U4/5/6
Capping requires these 3 enzyme activities.
RNA triphosphatase, guanyltransferase, and methyltransferase
This chemical modification to the DNA is considered an "off" signal during transcription.
Methylation
These regions of eukaryotic DNA can be far away from the core promoter; they are bound by gene-specific transcription factors.
Enhancers
This protein can facilitate termination of transcription in prokaryotes, but it doesn't appear to be critical.
Rho
Which are longer: Introns or Exons?
Introns
The 5' cap structure is missing this "Greek letter" type of phosphate.
Gamma
The proteins are activated by cell signaling and they have a classic "two-domain" organization.
Transcription factors (or activators)
A regions of eukaryotic DNA that is bound by the TBP protein; once thought to be a conserved promoter element and now known to be missing for some genes.
The C-terminal domain of this eukaryotic protein controls the rate of transcription, and also is a binding platform for splicing, capping, and poly-A factors.
Rpb1
These trans-acting factors regulate SNURP activity to dictate alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs.
SR proteins and hnRNPs
True or False: Alternative polyadenylation can lead to transcripts with longer 3'UTRs.
True