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Cell Division
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Regulation
100
This phase, together with interphase, makes up the cell cycle?
What is Mitosis or M Phase
100
This is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing a new strand of DNA
What is DNA polymerase
100
This enzyme is responsible for transcribing a section of DNA
What is RNA polymerase
100
This organelle is where translation is centered
What is the Ribosome
100
This protein binds DNA near a promoter, blocking RNA polymerase from starting transcription
What is a repressor
200
This part of Mitosis features chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell
What is metaphase
200
This strand, complementary to the leading strand, is replicated in a discontinous fashion
What is the lagging strand
200
This element / sequence, which is not itself transcribed, helps direct the transcription of downstream sequence.
What is a promoter
200
This is the part of the ribosome where charged tRNAs enter and attempt to decode a codon
What is the A-site
200
In prokaryotes, many genes are organized into this unit, which features several related genes transcribed on one RNA
What is an Operon
300
A cell that has completed DNA replication but has stalled before completing cell division has been stopped at this.
What is a checkpoint
300
Before DNA polymerase can synthesize a template, it needs this, as a place to start adding new nucleotides
What is an RNA Primer
300
In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase does not recognize promoters by itself. It has help from this accessory protein.
What is sigma factor
300
This sequence in prokaryotes is responsible for positioning the ribosome near a start codon
What is a Ribosome Binding Site
300
This process controls the level of mRNA and proteins without affecting it's synthesis (balanced against synthesis)
What is degradation
400
This organelle is responsible for partitioning chromosomes into seperate cells
What is the cytoskeleton
400
The lagging strand is copied in pieces, known as these
What is an Okazaki fragment
400
An RNA hairpin structure followed by a string of A or U nulceotides is likely to have what effect on the polymerase?
What is transcription termination
400
These codons (UAA, UAG, and UGA) do not codon for amino acids, but recruit release factors.
What is a stop codon
400
This layer of regulation is based on accessibility of DNA and can be inheritied in an epigenetic fashion
What is chromatin / histone code
500
The hallmark of this disease is cell division in an uncontrolled, disregulated fashion.
What is cancer
500
Replication of linear DNA can lead to erosion of sequence. What enzyme prevents this and by adding a repeated sequence.
What is Telomerase
500
In prokaryotes, transcription can occur simultaneously with this process
What is translation
500
The ribosome is mutlifuntional, but it's main enzymatic activity is responsible for this reaction
What is peptide bond formation / linking amino acids
500
In eukaryotes, these short RNAs bind to an (usually) repress a target mRNA.
What are miRNA