DNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Miscellaneous
100
Where in the cell is our DNA found?
In the Nucleolus
100
Which is the main enzyme that drives the addition of nucleotides to a DNA template?
DNA Polymerase
Polymerase
100
What is Uracil?
It is the base that replaces Thymine in RNA
100
Where does translation take place?
Ribosomes
100
What is apoptosis?
When the cell kills itself
200
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA uses deoxyribose while RNA used ribose
DNA uses Thymine while RNA replaces it with Uracil
DNA has two strands and RNA is a copy of only one of the strands
200
Where does replication take place?
In the nucleolus
200
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleolus
200
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA
It brings the amino acids to the ribosome.
200
Translate the DNA code below into a mRNA code:
TGC AGC
ACG UCG
300
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
300
What is the name of the enzyme that separates the two strands?
Helicase
300
How does the RNA polymerase know when to begin and when to end?
In the DNA, there are several starting and ending sequences. The polymerase binds to the starting sequence and starts transcription, and then when it reaches the ending sequence, it stops and leaves the nucleolus.
300
What is a polypeptide?
It is a chain of amino acids.
Protein
300
How long are the pieces of DNA in each cell in a human body?
2 meters
400
What does one nucleotide consist of?
One phosphate, one deoxyribose and one base
400
Which phase of the cell cycle is replication in?
Synthesis (S)
400
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
400
What does an anticodon do?
The anticodon has the opposite sequence as the codon. It is used to bring the amino acids to the ribosome
An anticodon binds to the amino acids and enters the ribosome during translation. Once the amino acids bind, the anticodon leaves the ribosome, therefore creating a polypeptide chain.
400
What is the orientation of the lagging and leading strand?
Leading: (3' to 5')
Lagging: (5' to 3')
500
Which bases are purines and pyrimidines?
Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
500
What are Okazaki Fragments?
They are fragments caused by replicating the lagging strand.
They are fragments of DNA caused by the orientation of the lagging strand (5' to 3'). The orientation does not allow the polymerase to go in a straight line, but in order to replicate it does so in fragments.
500
What is the role of the promoter?
It is an initiation sequence which tells the enzyme where to start transcription.
500
Translate the following mRNA sequence and state the amino acids in the correct order
AUG CCA GGU ACG UGA CAC
tRNA: UAC GGU CCA UGC ACU GUG
Amino Acid: Tyr-Gly-Pro-Cys-Thr-Val
500
What happens when the DNA has a mutation in terms of Replication, Transcription, and Translation?
When DNA has a mutation, most times the cell will kill itself, however, there is a chance that the defect goes undetected. If it goes undetected then it will replicate and transcribe normally, but when it is translating, the wrong amino acids will be put in place and create a faulty protein. This protein many times will simply not be used, but if it is, it can cause an issue if there is enough of them.