DNA Structrure
RNA
Protein Synthesis
Replication
Transcription/Translation
100
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
100
RNA has how many strands?
one strand. RNA is Single-Stranded!
100
What does DNA code for?
Proteins!
100
When does DNA Replication occur?
During S Phase in cell cycle
100
What is the purpose of transcription?
To convert DNA into mRNA.
200
What are the "rungs" or middle of the DNA double helix made up of?
Nitrogen bases
200
What sugar is in RNA?
Ribose!
200
DNA - mRNA - ???
Amino Acids or Proteins!
200
Where does DNA replication occur?
The Nucleus of the cell!
200
What is the purpose of Translation?
To convert mRNA into an Amino Acid chain which forms a protein.
300
What are the sides of DNA double helix made up of?
Deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
300
What are the 4 bases of RNA?
A U G C
300
What are the three steps of protein synthesis
Replication, transcription, and translation
300
What enzyme "unzips" the cell?
Helicase
300
What are the two types of mutations we learned about?
Point and Frameshift.
400
Draw and label a nucleotide
400
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
400
What is it called when DNA is converted in mRNA?
Transcription
400
Which enzyme adds the complimentary bases/nucleotides to the half DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
400
What is a point mutation?
The changing of a base/nucleotide. (substitution)
500
What is the base pairing rule and which scientists determined this?
A=T and C=G and Chargaff is who made the discovery.
500
What are the three types of RNA and what is each of their purposes?
mRNA - messenger RNA, transports the codes out of the nucleus and to the ribosome.
tRNA- transfer RNA, transports the amino acids to the mRNA strand to build the chain.
rRNA- Ribosomal RNA, is what makes up the ribosomes where proteins are created.
500
What is it called mRNA is converted in Amino Acids/Proteins?
Translation
500
What are the three steps of DNA Replication? Diagram them.
1. Untwist 2. Unzip 3. Replicate
Dna flattens out, Helicase unzips the DNA strand splitting it into two separate strands and DNA Polymerase adds the complimentary bases to the half strands resulting in 2 IDENTICAL DNA strands.
500
What is a frameshift mutation?
The addition or removal of a base/nucleotide resulting in a completely new amino acid sequence.