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Structure and Replication of DNA
Transcription & Translation
Technology
Famous Names
Grab Bag
100
This is the name for the enzyme that glues together new fragments of DNA during replication.
What is ligase?
100
This molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What is tRNA?
100
This is the term for an organism who has extra copies of chromosomes in its genome.
What is polyploidy?
100
This scientist took the famous "Photo 51" of the DNA double helix.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
100
Chromosomes are made up of these two substances.
What are protein and DNA?
200
The term for the opposite orientation of the sugar molecules on the two strands of a DNA molecule.
What is anti-parallel?
200
Name two key differences between RNA and DNA.
What are uracil vs. thymine, single vs. double stranded, ribose vs. deoxyribose, cytoplasm vs. nucleus...?
200
Explain what grafting is, in your own words.
What is the simplest type of cloning, where branches are cut from a plant and re-planted or fused onto another plant.
200
These three men won the Nobel Prize for their work in discovering the structure of DNA.
Who are James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins?
200
Helicase plays this role in DNA replication.
What is unwinding and unzipping the DNA double helix?
300
Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and thus are classified as __________.
What are purines?
300
Anticodons and codons are found on these RNA molecules.
What are tRNA (anticodons) and mRNA (codons)?
300
This is the term for the type of protein which acts to cut a segment of DNA at a specific sequence.
What is a restriction enzyme/endonuclease?
300
This is the school at which Franklin and Wilkins did their X-ray crystallography imaging under the direction of JT Randall.
What is King's College?
300
Name one reason Rosalind Franklin was not credited with her role in the discovery of the structure of DNA until recently.
What is 1) female, 2) died shortly after the discovery was made, 3) did not publish her photos?
400
Draw the structure of a nucleotide and label the parts.
What is a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base?
400
After a protein chain is released from the ribosome, where does it often travel for further processing?
What is a Golgi body?
400
Name two characteristics of an organism that is a good candidate for gene transformation in a lab setting. What is one example of such an organism?
What are single-celled and harmless/non-pathogenic? Example: E. coli bacteria
400
This individual was released from prison when DNA fingerprinting evidence cleared him of blame for the 1954 murder of his wife at their home.
Who is Dr. Sam Sheppard?
400
This nutrient, when added to the agar for a culture of +pGLO bacteria, caused the bacteria to glow.
What is arabinose?
500
Draw a DNA molecule with two pairs of nitrogenous bases (A-T and C-G), including the proper hydrogen bonding between the bases.
A double bonds to T, C triple bonds to G
500
What is one similarity and one difference between a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation?
Similarity: Both mutations are caused by a single base substitution in DNA Difference: A missense mutation changes the amino acid coded for, while a nonsense mutation changes codon to STOP.
500
Describe one application of gene transformation in the field of medicine.
1) Gene therapy--replacing mutated/non-functional genes with healthy ones 2) Production of human insulin by E. coli for the treatment of diabetes
500
Dolly the sheep was cloned at this institution in Great Britain.
What is the University of Edinburgh?
500
The two strains of Streptococcus bacteria studied by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were known as R and S. What are two differences between these strains?
What are harmfulness (S=lethal to mice, R=harmless) and encapsulation (S=protective capsule, R=no capsule)?