DNA Replication
The enzyme that is involved in replacing nucleotides during excision repair
What is a DNA polymerase II?
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing the complementary mRNA molecule using the DNA strand as a template
What is RNA polymerase?
The components of the backbone of the strands of DNA
What is sugar and phosphate?
A mutation which alters the reading frame of an mRNA
What is a frameshift mutation?
The type of DNA damage caused by exposure to UV radiation
What are thymine dimers?
The modified guanine that is added to the 5' end of an mRNA molecule to prevent that molecule from degradation
What is a 5' cap?
The complementary base pair to adenine
What is thymine?
The location where helicase binds to begin DNA replication
What is the origin of replication?
A base substitution which causes the codon to change to a stop codon
What is a nonsense mutation?
The enzyme that is responsible for creating "charged" tRNA molecules by joining an amino acid to te amino acid binding site of the tRNA
What are aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
The chemical bond found between nucleotides of the same strand
What is the phosphodiester bond?
The DNA replication enzyme which functions to seal together DNA fragments once the primers of the daughter strands have been removed
What is DNA ligase?
A mutation which occurs as a fragment of a chromosome is flipped backwards
What is an inversion?
The step of translation elongation where a tRNA carrying a new amino acid binds to the codon of the A site
What is codon recognition?
The chemical bond found between the complementary base pairs of the two strands of a DNA molecule
What is a hydrogen bond?
The series of three nucleotides of DNA which codes for one amino acid in a protein
What is a codon?
The enzyme used in DNA replication to prevent supercoiling of the DNA molecules
What is topoisomerase?
A mutation which occurs as a fragment of a chromosome is moved to a new location
What is a translocation?
The first tRNA molecule which binds to the P site during the formation of the translation initiation complex
What is f-met?
The orientation of the two strands of the DNA molecule
What is anti-parallel?
The short, repeated sequences found at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes which aid in protection of those chromosomes
What are telomeres?