Genetics
One of multiple versions of a gene
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What is the Central Dogma? (also accept transcription and translation)
Membrane-bound location of DNA
What is the nucleus?
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
What are the four major macromolecules?
An organism that has two different alleles
What is heterozygous?
Carries instructions for making a protein to a ribosome
What is mRNA?
Where most of a cell's ATP is generated
What is the mitochondria?
A protein that helps catalyze a chemical reaction
What is an enzyme?
An allele that only determines the phenotypes when homozygous
What is recessive?
Region of a gene that gets spliced out of mRNA
What is an intron?
Process of transporting materials from inside the cell to the outside
What is exocytosis?
Transmembrane protein that opens and closes to let atoms of a particular size and charge move into or out of the cell
A key mechanism of evolution that allows individuals better adapted to the environment to survive and reproduce more within a population
What is natural selection?
Sequence of three nucleotides
Membrane-bound compartment that digests cellular debris
What is a lysosome? (also accept autophagosomes, peroxisomes)
Results in a change in protein function
A gene similar in sequence and evolutionary origin to a gene in another species
What is a homolog? (also accept ortholog)
Region of DNA where transcription factors assemble
What is regulatory DNA? (also accept enhancer or promoter)
Cells that contain the same DNA, but express different genes
What are differentiated cells? (also accept specialized cells, or different cell types)
Proteins that bind to DNA, or DNA-associated proteins, and increase or decrease expression of a gene
transcription factors