Soviet Union
The type of economy utilized by the Soviet Union.
What is a centrally-planned economy?
Family and community ties are regularly organized by this informal institution.
What are clans?
Petty corruption is perpetrated by this group.
Who are low-level bureaucrats?
Political regimes, tax policies, and constitutions are known as this type of institution.
This regime type is present in Burkina Faso.
What is a military junta?
An informal way to maintain important connections. Usually taking the form of a notebook.
What is blat?
Due to high revenues from point-source resources, many countries in Central Asia suffer from this.
What is the resource curse?
As institutional trust increases, corruption perception trends this way.
What is down?
This group follows the 'rules of the game'
What are organizers?
What is Dutch Disease?
This type of electoral corruption usually occurs in workplaces, particularly in monogorods, across the post-Soviet region.
What is voter intimidation?
Central Asian elites avoid domestic prosecution by outsourcing this to Western nations.
What is legal jurisdiction?
This practice involved politicians distributing goods and services in exchange for votes
What is clientelism?
Public Goods are defined as both this and this.
What is non-excludable & non-rivalrous?
This type of accountability occurs between branches of government and decreases corruption.
What is horizontal accountability?
At the collapse of the USSR, major banks committed 'state capture' of large nationalized industries through this government-led program.
What is Loans-for-Shares?
Central Asian elites utilize this to launder illicit funds and return them to the country.
What is round-tripping?
Voting based on one's personal experience with corruption is this type of voting.
What is Pocketbook Corruption Voting?
The ability of the state to provide public goods, security, and welfare to its citizens is known as this.
What is state capacity?
This is the main mechanism of democratic accountability.
What are open elections?
Violent entrepreneurs could be hired to do this to rival businesses in order to coerce rivals to sell.
What is corporate raiding?
Nursultan Nazarbaev led this country for more than 30 years.
What is Kazakhstan?
This event from Russian history realized the 'business capture' of Russian oil and gas companies by President Putin.
What is the Yukos Affair?
Defining the state as "an entity that aspires to monopolize the legitimate use of violence within a given territory" is known as the minimalist definition or this.
What is the Weberian definition?
This type of economic policy creates accountability between the government and its citizens, decreasing corruption.
What is Fiscal Policy?