Mongol Empire
Who founded the Mongol Empire?
Genghis Khan
Where was the Il Khanate located?
Middle East
Where was the Golden Horde located?
Russia
Where was the Yuan Dynasty located?
China
True or false: the Mongol Empire is the largest land based empire in history.
True
Which trade route did the Mongol Empire have control of?
Silk Road
How did the Il Khanate government stay the same?
They continued to have a centralized government.
How did the Golden Horde government stay the same? (Give at least one example)
- Local princes stayed in power but reported to the Mongols.
- The Mongol invasion led to the reinforcing of intercontinental warfare and instability
How did the Yuan Dynasty government change?
The Mongols unified three previously separate states; the Tanggut Empire, Jin Empire, and Song Dynasty under one government’s control.
What is another name for Genghis Khan?
Chinggis Khan
Why did Silk Road trade flourish under the Mongol Empire?
Pax Mongolica - “peace of the Mongols”
Because Mongols controlled such a large amount of territory, they also controlled its trade, which made trading peaceful.
How did the culture of Il Khanate stay the same? (Give at least two examples)
- Islam was the dominant religion in the region.
- They had religious tolerance and traditional urban culture.
- Astronomy continued to go hand in hand with mathematical and scientific discoveries.
How did the social structures of the Golden Horde stay the same?
Social classes stayed the same; royalty, nobility, and higher clergy in the higher classes, merchants, bureaucrats, and professionals in the middle class, and the peasants at the bottom.
How did the Yuan Dynasty economy change? (Give at least two examples)
- Great Khan Ogodei established an oppressive tax-farming system.
- They stabilized values of copper coins.
- Reintegration of East Asia with the overland of Eurasian trade stimulated the urban economies.
True for false: Genghis Khan forced his people to convert to Islam.
False; Khan was tolerant of all religious beliefs.
What was transferred by the Mongols? (Give at least two examples)
Plague
Gunpowder
Technology to make paper
Spread of number systems
How did the Il Khanate economy change?
- Economic depression due to the failure of paper money and low taxes.
- Tax farming also led to extortion.
How did the Golden Horde economy change? (List two)
- Mongol expansion experimented with paper money being introduced into Russia. It was unsuccesful, however it did create the Russian word for money.
- Silver and gold went to the Mongols, resulting in economic devastation.
How did the social structures of the Yuan Dynasty change? (Give at least two examples)
- The Mongols developed a new social hierarchy; Mongols ranking the highest, then Central Asians and Middle Easterners, then northern Chinese, and southern Chinese ranking the lowest.
- Merchants and doctors gained status, Confucian scholars lost status, becoming hereditary.
- Many gentry families became merchants.
How was Khan able to expand the Mongol Empire?
Khan invaded and conquered numerous territories with the help of his growing and loyal army. As people were conquered, they were forced to join a unit of the army. If even one member of the unit deseerted, the entire unit would be massacred.
How did the Mongols facilitate trade? (List two)
Yam - messenger & postal system
Merchants could send messages around the Empire
Paiza - diplomatic passports
Given to Mongol nobility and bureaucrats
Enabled them to demand resources along the routes
How did the culture of Il Khanate change? (List two)
- Their method of killing animals; the Mongols sliced animals’ necks and drained their blood, which Muslims aren’t allowed to do.
- Cultures were also mixed, such as Iranian and Chinese artistic trends and cultural practices.
How did the culture of Golden Horde change? (List two)
- Capital cities changed from Kiev to Moscow.
- Russian became the most popular language of the region.
How did the culture of the Yuan Dynasty change? (Give at least two examples)
- They began the process of integrating Chinese medical approaches with Muslim and Hellenistic ones discovered from their non-Chinese alliances.
- Mongolian-influenced Chinese language, Mandarin, resulted in lasting linguistic change.
- Beijing became more cosmopolitan.
When was the Mongol Empire established?
1206