Pastoral Societies
What is the primary economic activity of pastoral societies?
Herding livestock
After the Black Death, what demographic shift significantly altered European society?
A decline in population leading to labor shortages
What unifying factor contributed to the expansion of the Mongol Empire?
Tribal values and loyalty
What religious practice did the Mongols adopt from the cultures they conquered?
Islam
What was a key effect of the Mongol Empire on trade across Eurasia?
The increase in international trade and commerce
What is a common characteristic of pastoral societies?
Their mobility across vast territories
Which social class benefited most from the labor shortages caused by the Black Death?
The peasants and laborers
What strategy did Chinggis Khan use to strengthen his power?
Incorporating defeated tribes into his army
What system of governance did the Mongols borrow from the Chinese to manage their vast empire?
The bureaucracy
Which body of water was crucial for the spread of goods and ideas during the Mongol era?
The Mediterranean Sea
How did pastoral societies typically interact with agricultural societies?
Through trade and conflict over land
What was one long-term economic impact of the Black Death on Europe?
An increase in wages for workers
How did the Mongols govern the diverse peoples they conquered?
Through a policy of religious tolerance
How did Mongol rule facilitate the exchange of ideas between East and West?
By securing trade routes like the Silk Road
In what way did the Mongols promote trade during their rule?
By establishing a safe environment for merchants
What adaptation allowed pastoral societies to thrive in arid environments?
The development of nomadic lifestyles and seasonal migration
How did the Black Death influence the social mobility of women in Europe?
By creating new job opportunities for women in various sectors
What was a major reason for the Mongol Empire's rapid expansion in the 13th century?
Their superior military tactics and mobility
Which major technological advancement spread from the East to the West during the Mongol Empire?
Possible answers (Need to identify 1): Gunpowder, printing, papermaking, silk production, and the compass
What impact did the Mongol Empire have on the maritime trade routes in the Indian Ocean?
It facilitated increased trade and cultural exchanges between Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa
What environmental challenges did pastoral societies face that influenced their migratory patterns?
Droughts and changing climates
How did the Black Death contribute to the decline of feudalism in Europe?
By significantly reducing the labor force, leading to increased demands for workers and greater social mobility
What was the significance of the Golden Horde in the context of Mongol rule?
It served as a major power in Russia and facilitated trade and cultural exchanges between Europe and Asia
How did the Mongols facilitate the exchange of medical knowledge between cultures?
By encouraging the movement of scholars and physicians across trade routes
What role did the Mongol postal system, known as the Yam, play in facilitating trade across Eurasia?
It allowed for rapid communication and efficient transportation of goods, enhancing commercial activities