People & Leaders
This man is considered the father of the Hebrews and is a patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Who is Abraham?
This is the belief in only one God, a central feature of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
What is monotheism?
This group of Jews led a rebellion against Roman rule in AD 66.
Who were the Zealots?
A person who chooses to die rather than give up their religious beliefs.
What is a martyr?
Early Christians used this symbol, which is still used today, to identify one another safely during times of persecution.
What is a fish?
This Roman emperor converted to Christianity and legalized the religion in the early 300s.
Who is Constantine?
This is the most sacred text of Judaism, containing laws and the history of the Jewish people.
What is the Torah?
This was the title given to the highest political and religious leader of Islam after Muhammad's death.
What is a caliph?
This word means acceptance, and it was a policy often practiced by Muslim rulers toward Jews and Christians.
What is tolerance?
These two methods were the primary ways Islam spread into new lands, according to the text.
What are conquest (armies) and trade (merchants)?
This man is the founder of Islam and is believed by Muslims to be the last and greatest prophet of God.
Who is Muhammad?
This is the most sacred text of Islam, containing the revelations Muslims believe Muhammad received from God.
What is the Qur'an?
This event, caused by Roman crackdowns on Jewish revolts, refers to the scattering of Jews outside of their homeland.
What is the Diaspora?
These were local leaders in early Christian communities who helped people understand and live by Christian teachings.
Who are bishops?
This Roman emperor made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, after Constantine had already legalized it.
Who is Theodosius I?
This influential follower of Jesus, traveled widely writing letters that helped define Christian beliefs and spread the faith beyond Jewish communities.
Who is Paul of Tarsus (or Paul)?
This term refers to a leader prophesied to restore Israel. Christians believe Jesus of Nazareth was this figure.
What is the Messiah?
After Muhammad's death, the first caliph, Abu Bakr, used these to unify Arabia and later Muslim leaders used them to conquer the Persian and Byzantine empires.
What are armies / military conquest?
This is the title for the head of the whole Christian Church.
What is the Pope?
This thinker combined Christian teachings with philosophy, helping Christianity become a powerful and lasting faith.
Who is Augustine of Hippo?
This Jewish religious leader was responsible for teaching the faith, especially after the destruction of the Temple led to the Diaspora.
What is a rabbi?
These laws, given to Moses by God, taught people to worship one God and to value justice, self-control, and human life.
What are the Ten Commandments?
The combined armies of Arabs and this North African group conquered Spain and ruled there for 700 years.
Who are the Berbers?
This was the central ceremony of the Christian Church, honoring the last supper Jesus shared with his Apostles.
What is the Eucharist?
This wealthy city in modern-day Iraq was a major trading center that attracted artists and writers, reflecting the blending of cultures in the growing Muslim world.
What is Baghdad?