Biogeography
As you go deeper in the fossil record things tend to become more simple or more complex?
Simple
What is a vestigial structure?
A structure in an organism that has lost its function as that species evolved
Human and chimpanzee DNA is 99% similar while Human and dog DNA is 85% similar. Which organism do we share a more recent common ancestor with? And what type of homology is this considered?
Chimpanzee, molecular
A population of butterflies comes in 3 colors. A different colored butterfly comes into the population. This causes diversity to increase/decrease through the mechanism called ________ ________
increase, gene flow
An organisms' fitness is described as how successful it is at surviving and passing on its genes to the next generation. Which mechanism "chooses" which organisms will survive and reproduce?
natural selection
Species are separated due to geographic isolation and over time develop into two separate species.
What structures have similar functions but will have different internal structures?
Analogous Structures
Where do vestigial structures come from
Previous lifestyle/environment, ancestral species
An area that is usually lush in plants goes through an ice age. The area has rabbits that are brown and white. Over time the rabbit population changes from mostly brown to mostly white. What is this an example of?
Natural selection
Define gene pool
All the alleles a population contains
Older fossils are found in which layer of the Earth?
homologous structures
If multiple organisms have the same homologous structure what does this tell us about them?
They had a common ancestor
What is non-random mating?
When an organisms chooses its mate based off of a characteristic it finds desirable.
Define bottleneck effect
When a random event wipes out a large portion of a population.
What is biogeography?
The study of distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time?
A whales pelvis is an example of what kind of structure?
Vestigial structure
Which 2 of these 3 organisms have the most recent common ancestor? Fish, whale, and cat. What's your reasoning?
Whale and cat - both mammals
Which of the five fingers of evolution creates new traits for natural selection to "work" on.
Mutations
A species that no longer is on Earth that evolved into two different species is considered the _______ _______ of the two modern species.
common ancestor
What is gradualism?
The slow change of an organism over time (seen in the fossil records)
A humans arm and a bats wing are an example of homologous structures, why?
They share the same internal structure
What are developmental homologies and do they show common ancestry?
Homologues structures that are only visible in the developmental phase of an organisms life and yes
A small group of birds are blown out so sea and land on an island. This new population would be an example of what?
The founder effect (genetic drift)
The preserved remains of an organism from millions of years ago are called
fossil